📄 passwd.5
字号:
2426(The)S10 I2611(gid)S10 R2767(\256eld)S2974(is)S3069(a)S3142(number)S(telling)257 3477 A3762(the)S(group-id.)371 3913 A4337(The)S(group-id)346 4521 A4894(is)S4988(unique)S4584 V1080(for)S1230(a)S(group.)259 1307 A1623(The)S10 I1812(mem)S10 R2035(\256eld)S2246(is)S2345(a)S2422(comma)S2750(separated)S3163(list)S3319(of)S3436(login)S3675(names)S3965(that)S4149(are)S4306(special)S4619(members)S5021(of)S5138(the)S4704 V(group.)259 1080 A1395(If)S1494(a)S1570(system)S(supports)340 1880 A(supplementary)592 2251 A(group)234 2874 A3139(id's)S3321(then)S3525(a)S3600(user's)S3871(set)S4013(of)S(supplementary)592 4127 A(group)234 4749 A5013(id's)S5194(is)S4824 V1080(set)S1231(to)S1348(all)S1488(the)S(groups)273 1650 A1962(they)S2174(are)S2338(a)S2423(member)S2793(of.)S2967(If)S3075(a)S3160(system)S3479(allows)S3782(one)S3967(to)S4085(change)S(groups)273 4410 A4723(then)S4936(one)S5121(can)S4944 V1080(change)S1390(to)S1493(a)S(group)234 1563 A1822(one)S1992(is)S2084(a)S2154(member)S2509(of)S(without)307 2618 A2950(using)S3192(the)S(group's)307 3340 A3672(password.)S5112 V1080(The)S1267(shadow)S1604(password)S2014(\256le)S2173(has)S2337(precisely)S2731(the)S2884(same)S3121(form)S3347(as)S3461(the)S3614(password)S4024(\256le,)S4208(except)S4501(that)S4682(only)S4890(the)S10 I5043(name)S5232 V10 R1080(or)S10 I1196(passwd)S10 R1523(\256elds)S1772(are)S1927(used)S2142(as)S2257(yet.)S2461(The)S2649(other)S2887(\256elds)S3136(are)S3291(zero)S3496(or)S3611(empty.)S3943(A)S4047(password)S4458(in)S4567(the)S4721(password)S5132(\256le)S5352 V1080(may)S1280(have)S1497(the)S1647(form)S10 B1870(##)S10 I1970(user)S10 R2170(to)S2276(indicate)S2623(the)S2774(entry)S10 I3009(user)S10 R3210(in)S3316(the)S3467(shadow)S3802(password)S4210(\256le.)S4417(The)S4602(password)S5010(in)S5116(this)S5472 V1080(entry)S1322(is)S1424(then)S1632(used)S1851(for)S2004(authentication)S2609(of)S2728(the)S2886(user.)S3139(The)S3331(shadow)S3673(\256le)S3837(can)S4012(only)S4225(be)S4354(read)S4562(by)S4696(the)S4853(privileged)S5592 V(utility)240 1080 A10 B1355(pwdauth)S10 R1736(\(8\),)S1914(so)S2038(that)S2224(the)S2382(encrypted)S2814(passwords)S3268(in)S3381(the)S3540(shadow)S3883(\256le)S4048(are)S4208(kept)S4417(secret,)S4714(and)S4895(thus)S5098(safe)S5712 V1080(from)S1301(a)S1371(dictionary)S1804(attack.)S5880 V870(S)S872(Sp)S930(pe)S982(ec)S1029(ci)S1076(ia)S1106(al)S1153(l)S1208(p)S1210(pa)S1262(as)S1309(ss)S1350(sw)S1391(wo)S1466(or)S1518(rd)S1554(d)S1631(a)S1633(an)S1680(nd)S1732(d)S1809(g)S1811(gr)S1863(ro)S1899(ou)S1951(up)S2003(p)S2080(\256)S2082(\256l)S2140(le)S2170(e)S2242(e)S2244(en)S2291(nt)S2343(tr)S2373(ri)S2409(ie)S2439(es)S2486(s)S6000 V1080(There)S1344(are)S1496(several)S1810(entries)S2107(in)S2213(the)S2364(password)S2772(and)S(group)234 2945 A3207(\256les)S3403(that)S3582(are)S3735(preallocated)S4257(for)S4404(current)S4719(or)S4832(future)S5102(use.)S6120 V1080(All)S1234(id's)S1410(less)S1586(than)S1784(10)S1909(are)S2058(reserved.)S2475(The)S2657(special)S2962(password)S3367(\256le)S3521(entries)S3815(are:)S6288 V1440(root:##root:0:0:Big)S2246(Brother:/usr/src:)S6408 V1440(daemon:*:1:1:The)S2202(Deuce:/etc:)S6528 V1440(bin:##root:2:0:Binaries:/usr/src:)S6648 V1440(uucp:*:5:5:UNIX)S2175(to)S2278(UNIX)S(copy:/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/uucico)1512 2556 A6768 V1440(news:*:6:6:Usenet)S(news:/usr/spool/news:)894 2214 A6888 V(ftp:*:7:7:Anonymous)864 1440 A2329(FTP:/usr/ftp:)S7008 V(nobody:*:9999:99::/tmp:)1002 1440 A7128 V1440(ast:*:8:3:Andrew)S2164(S.)S2270(Tanenbaum:/usr/ast:)S7296 V1080(The)S10 B1268(root)S10 R1478(id)S1587(is)S1685(of)S1800(course)S2094(the)S2248(super)S2497(user.)S2746(The)S10 B2934(daemon)S10 R3306(id)S3415(is)S3513(used)S3728(by)S3859(some)S4103(daemons.)S4542(Some)S4803(devices)S5137(are)S7416 V1080(protected)S1485(so)S1604(that)S1785(only)S1992(those)S2233(daemons)S2619(can)S(access)258 2788 A3075(them.)S3355(The)S10 B3541(bin)S10 R3710(id)S3817(owns)S4058(all)S4188(sources)S4519(and)S4693(most)S4917(binaries.)S7536 V1080(The)S10 B1274(uucp)S10 R1487(,)S10 B1549(news)S10 R1799(and)S10 B1981(ftp)S10 R2142(id's)S2330(are)S2491(for)S2646(serial)S2902(line)S3090(data)S3295(transfer,)S3667(usenet)S3962(news,)S4232(or)S4354(ftp)S4504(if)S4604(so)S4731(needed.)S5104(The)S7903 V720(Page)S941(1)S4455(September)S4911(13,)S(1996)200 5061 A8143 VEP%%Page: 2 2BP/slant 0 def/height 0 def480 V10 R720(PASSWD)S1137(\()S1179(5)S1237(\))S2696(Eighth)S(Edition)296 2989 A4710(PASSWD)S5127(\()S5169(5)S5227(\))S960 V10 B1080(nobody)S10 R1431(id)S1542(is)S1642(used)S1859(in)S1970(those)S2215(cases)S2461(that)S2645(a)S2723(program)S3097(may)S3303(not)S3464(have)S3687(any)S3865(privileges)S4295(at)S4401(all.)S4585(The)S10 B4774(ast)S10 R4929(id)S5039(is)S5138(the)S1080 V(honorary)363 1080 A1470(home)S1720(directory)S2111(for)S2256(Andrew)S2608(S.)S2716(Tanenbaum,)S3243(the)S3393(creator)S3701(of)S3812(Minix.)S4134(You)S4334(can)S4501(also)S4691(\256nd)S4875(the)S(initial)235 5026 A1200 V1080(contents)S1440(for)S1583(a)S1653(new)S1846(home)S2094(directory)S2483(there.)S1368 V1080(The)S1262(special)S(group)234 1567 A1826(\256le)S1980(entries)S2274(are:)S1536 V1440(operator:*:0:)S1656 V1440(daemon:*:1:)S1776 V1440(bin:*:2:)S1896 V1440(other:*:3:)S2016 V1440(tty:*:4:)S2136 V1440(uucp:*:5:)S2256 V1440(news:*:6:)S2376 V1440(ftp:*:7:)S2496 V1440(kmem:*:8:)S2616 V(nogroup:*:99:)568 1440 A2784 V(Groups)296 1080 A1406(with)S1615(the)S1768(same)S2005(name)S2253(as)S2367(special)S2677(user)S2875(id)S2983(are)S3137(used)S3351(with)S3560(those)S3802(id's.)S4033(The)S10 B4220(operator)S10 R(group)234 4626 A4891(is)S4989(for)S5138(the)S2904 V1080(administrators)S1683(of)S1794(the)S1944(system.)S2300(Users)S2557(in)S2662(this)S(group)234 2834 A3094(are)S3244(granted)S3572(special)S3878(privileges.)S4351(The)S10 B4534(other)S10 R(group)234 4790 A5050(is)S5143(for)S3024 V1080(ordinary)S1455(users.)S1746(The)S10 B1937(tty)S10 R(group)234 2089 A2357(is)S2458(for)S2610(terminal)S2980(devices,)S3341(and)S3520(associated)S3968(set-gid)S4276(commands.)S4796(Same)S5055(thing)S3144 V1080(with)S1284(the)S10 B1432(kmem)S10 R(group)234 1726 A1985(and)S2155(memory)S2515(devices.)S3312 V9 R720(F)S722(FI)S774(IL)S807(LE)S865(ES)S923(S)S3432 V10 B1080(/etc/passwd)S10 R1830(The)S2012(user)S2205(database.)S3600 V10 B1080(/etc/group)S10 R1830(The)S(group)234 2012 A2271(database.)S3768 V10 B1080(/etc/shadow)S10 R1830(The)S2012(shadow)S2344(password)S2749(\256le.)S3936 V9 R720(S)S722(SE)S774(EE)S832(E)S913(A)S915(AL)S983(LS)S1041(SO)S1093(O)S4056 V10 B1080(login)S10 R1292(\(1\),)S10 B1460(passwd)S10 R1773(\(1\),)S10 B1941(su)S10 R2036(\(1\),)S10 B2204(crypt)S10 R2434(\(3\),)S10 B2602(getpwent)S10 R2995(\(3\),)S10 B3163(getgrent)S10 R3522(\(3\),)S10 B3690(pwdauth)S10 R4071(\(8\).)S4224 V9 R720(N)S722(NO)S790(OT)S858(TE)S916(ES)S974(S)S4344 V10 R1080(The)S10 B1263(nobody)S10 R1607(and)S10 B1778(nogroup)S10 R2167(id's)S2344(are)S2494(likely)S2749(to)S2853(be)S2974(renumbered)S3481(to)S3585(the)S3734(highest)S4050(possible)S4405(id's)S4582(once)S4799(it)S4882(is)S4976(\256gured)S4464 V1080(out)S1233(what)S1454(they)S1652(are.)S4632 V9 R720(A)S722(AU)S790(UT)S858(TH)S916(HO)S984(OR)S1052(R)S4752 V10 R1080(Kees)S1307(J.)S1396(Bot)S1566(\(kjb@cs.vu.nl\))S7903 V720(September)S1176(13,)S(1996)200 1326 A4990(Page)S5211(2)S8143 VEP%%Trailer%%DocumentFonts: Times-Roman Times-Bold Times-Italic Symbol%%Pages: 2⌨️ 快捷键说明
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