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10 R(will)157 1424 A1606(fail)S1766(and)S1936(the)S2084(\256le)S2238(mode)S(will)157 2486 A2668(be)S2788(unchanged)S3248(if:)S5832 V1080([ENOTDIR])S1830(A)S(component)446 1928 A2399(of)S2508(the)S2656(path)S2854(pre\256x)S3114(is)S3206(not)S3359(a)S3429(directory.)S6000 V([ENAMETOOLONG])916 1080 A6120 V1830(The)S2012(path)S2210(name)S(exceeds)319 2453 A2797(PATH_MAX)S3371(characters.)S6288 V1080([ENOENT])S1830(The)S2012(named)S2305(\256le)S2459(does)S2668(not)S2821(exist.)S6456 V1080([EACCES])S1830(Search)S2130(permission)S2596(is)S2688(denied)S2981(for)S3124(a)S(component)446 3194 A3665(of)S3774(the)S3922(path)S4120(pre\256x.)S6624 V1080([ELOOP])S1830(Too)S2033(many)S2297(symbolic)S2706(links)S2942(were)S(encountered)492 3180 A3713(in)S3833(translating)S4300(the)S4465(pathname.)S4948(\(Minix-)S6744 V1830(vmd\))S6912 V1080([EPERM])S1830(The)S2016(effective)S2400(user)S2598(ID)S2735(does)S2949(not)S3107(match)S3383(the)S3536(owner)S3818(of)S3932(the)S4085(\256le)S4244(and)S4419(the)S4572(effective)S4956(user)S5154(ID)S7032 V1830(is)S1922(not)S2075(the)S2223(super-user.)S7200 V1080([EROFS])S1830(The)S2012(named)S2305(\256le)S2459(resides)S2764(on)S2889(a)S2959(read-only)S3370(\256le)S3524(system.)S7368 V1080([EFAULT])S10 I1830(Path)S10 R2045(points)S2315(outside)S2630(the)S2778(process's)S3178(allocated)S3567(address)S(space.)249 3894 A7903 V720(Page)S941(1)S2669(\()S2711(May)S2920(13,)S(1986)200 3070 A3278(\))S4455(September)S4911(17,)S(1996)200 5061 A8143 VEP%%Page: 2 6BP/slant 0 def/height 0 def480 V10 R720(CHMOD)S1103(\()S1145(2)S1203(\))S2696(Eighth)S(Edition)296 2989 A4744(CHMOD)S5127(\()S5169(2)S5227(\))S960 V1080([EIO])S1830(An)S1978(I/O)S2138(error)S2360(occurred)S2738(while)S2987(reading)S3314(from)S3535(or)S(writing)291 3644 A3960(to)S4063(the)S4211(\256le)S4365(system.)S1128 V9 R720(S)S722(SE)S774(EE)S832(E)S913(A)S915(AL)S983(LS)S1041(SO)S1093(O)S1248 V10 B1080(chmod)S10 R1371(\(1\),)S10 B1539(open)S10 R1746(\(2\),)S10 B1914(chown)S10 R2194(\(2\),)S10 B2362(stat)S10 R2519(\(2\).)S1416 V9 R720(N)S722(NO)S790(OT)S858(TE)S916(ES)S974(S)S1536 V10 R1080(The)S1262(sticky)S1527(bit)S1658(was)S1840(historically)S2318(used)S2527(to)S2630(lock)S2828(important)S3244(executables)S3739(into)S3920(memory.)S7903 V720(September)S1176(17,)S(1996)200 1326 A2669(\()S2711(May)S2920(22,)S(1986)200 3070 A3278(\))S4990(Page)S5211(2)S8143 VEP%%Page: 1 7BP/slant 0 def/height 0 def480 V10 R720(CHOWN)S1109(\()S1151(2)S1209(\))S2696(Eighth)S(Edition)296 2989 A4738(CHOWN)S5127(\()S5169(2)S5227(\))S960 V9 R720(N)S722(NA)S790(AM)S858(ME)S940(E)S1080 V10 R1080(chown)S10 R-11373(-)S10 R1455(change)S1765(owner)S2042(and)S(group)234 2212 A2471(of)S2580(a)S2650(\256le)S1248 V9 R720(S)S722(SY)S774(YN)S842(NO)S910(OP)S978(PS)S1030(SI)S1082(IS)S1115(S)S1368 V10 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A4546(of)S4674(which)S4964(he)S5104(is)S5216(a)S2016 V1080(member.)S2184 V1080(On)S1238(some)S1485(systems,)S10 I1863(chown)S10 R2160(clears)S2431(the)S2589(set-user-id)S3050(and)S(set-group-id)492 3231 A3759(bits)S3940(on)S4076(the)S4235(\256le)S4400(to)S4514(prevent)S(accidental)409 4852 A2304 V1080(creation)S1430(of)S1539(set-user-id)S1990(and)S(set-group-id)492 2160 A2677(programs.)S2472 V9 R720(R)S722(RE)S784(ET)S842(TU)S900(UR)S968(RN)S1030(N)S1121(V)S1123(VA)S1191(AL)S1259(LU)S1317(UE)S1385(E)S2592 V10 R1080(Zero)S1300(is)S1396(returned)S1761(if)S1852(the)S2004(operation)S2413(was)S(successful;)442 2599 A10 R-13070(-)S10 R3127(1)S3207(is)S3304(returned)S3670(if)S3762(an)S3887(error)S4114(occurs,)S4432(with)S4641(a)S4716(more)S4953(speci\256c)S2712 V1080(error)S1302(code)S1517(being)S(placed)263 1765 A2053(in)S2156(the)S2304(global)S2580(variable)S10 B(errno)241 2930 A10 R3171(.)S2880 V9 R720(E)S722(ER)S780(RR)S842(RO)S904(OR)S972(RS)S1034(S)S3000 V10 B1080(Chown)S10 R(will)157 1413 A1595(fail)S1755(and)S1925(the)S2073(\256le)S(will)157 2227 A2409(be)S2529(unchanged)S2989(if:)S3168 V1080([ENOTDIR])S1830(A)S(component)446 1928 A2399(of)S2508(the)S2656(path)S2854(pre\256x)S3114(is)S3206(not)S3359(a)S3429(directory.)S3336 V([ENAMETOOLONG])916 1080 A3456 V1830(The)S2012(path)S2210(name)S(exceeds)319 2453 A2797(PATH_MAX)S3371(characters.)S3624 V1080([ENOENT])S1830(The)S2012(named)S2305(\256le)S2459(does)S2668(not)S2821(exist.)S3792 V1080([EACCES])S1830(Search)S2130(permission)S2596(is)S2688(denied)S2981(for)S3124(a)S(component)446 3194 A3665(of)S3774(the)S3922(path)S4120(pre\256x.)S3960 V1080([ELOOP])S1830(Too)S2033(many)S2297(symbolic)S2706(links)S2942(were)S(encountered)492 3180 A3713(in)S3833(translating)S4300(the)S4465(pathname.)S4948(\(Minix-)S4080 V1830(vmd\))S4248 V1080([EPERM])S1830(The)S2012(effective)S2391(user)S2584(ID)S2716(is)S2808(not)S2961(the)S3109(super-user.)S4416 V1080([EROFS])S1830(The)S2012(named)S2305(\256le)S2459(resides)S2764(on)S2889(a)S2959(read-only)S3370(\256le)S3524(system.)S4584 V1080([EFAULT])S10 I1830(Path)S10 R2045(points)S2315(outside)S2630(the)S2778(process's)S3178(allocated)S3567(address)S(space.)249 3894 A4752 V1080([EIO])S1830(An)S1978(I/O)S2138(error)S2360(occurred)S2738(while)S2987(reading)S3314(from)S3535(or)S(writing)291 3644 A3960(to)S4063(the)S4211(\256le)S4365(system.)S4920 V9 R720(S)S722(SE)S774(EE)S832(E)S913(A)S915(AL)S983(LS)S1041(SO)S1093(O)S5040 V10 B1080(chown)S10 R1360(\(8\),)S10 B1528(chgrp)S10 R1780(\(1\),)S10 B1948(chmod)S10 R2239(\(2\).)S7903 V720(Page)S941(1)S2616(\()S(August)290 2658 A2973(26,)S(1985)200 3123 A3331(\))S4455(September)S4911(17,)S(1996)200 5061 A8143 VEP%%Page: 1 8BP/slant 0 def/height 0 def480 V10 R720(CHROOT)S1143(\()S1185(2)S1243(\))S2696(Eighth)S(Edition)296 2989 A4704(CHROOT)S5127(\()S5169(2)S5227(\))S960 V9 R720(N)S722(NA)S790(AM)S858(ME)S940(E)S1080 V10 R1080(chroot)S10 R-11362(-)S10 R1444(change)S1754(root)S1941(directory)S1248 V9 R720(S)S722(SY)S774(YN)S842(NO)S910(OP)S978(PS)S1030(SI)S1082(IS)S1115(S)S1368 V10 B1080(#include)S1482(<unistd.h>)S1608 V1080(int)S1236(chroot\(const)S1812(char)S2046(*)S10 I2096(dirname)S10 B2431(\))S1776 V9 R720(D)S722(DE)S790(ES)S848(SC)S900(CR)S962(RI)S1024(IP)S1057(PT)S1109(TI)S1167(IO)S1200(ON)S1268(N)S1896 V10 I1080(Dirname)S10 R1470(is)S1569(the)S1724(address)S2058(of)S2174(the)S2329(pathname)S2752(of)S2868(a)S2945(directory,)S3366(terminated)S3829(by)S3961(a)S4038(null)S4226(byte.)S10 B4481(Chroot)S10 R4821(causes)S5116(this)S2016 V1080(directory)S1469(to)S1572(become)S1910(the)S2058(root)S2245(directory,)S2659(the)S2807(starting)S3134(point)S3365(for)S3508(path)S3706(names)S3988(beginning)S4414(with)S4618(``/''.)S2184 V1080(In)S1191(order)S1431(for)S1576(a)S1648(directory)S2039(to)S2144(become)S2484(the)S2634(root)S2823(directory)S3214(a)S3286(process)S3615(must)S3838(have)S4056(execute)S4392(\(search\))S(access)258 4746 A5032(to)S5138(the)S2304 V1080(directory.)S2472 V1080(This)S1284(call)S1455(is)S1547(restricted)S1948(to)S2051(the)S2199(super-user.)S2640 V9 R720(R)S722(RE)S784(ET)S842(TU)S900(UR)S968(RN)S1030(N)S1121(V)S1123(VA)S1191(AL)S1259(LU)S1317(UE)S1385(E)S2760 V10 R(Upon)223 1080 A(successful)414 1328 A1768(completion,)S2271(a)S2342(value)S2586(of)S2696(0)S2772(is)S2865(returned.)S3277(Otherwise,)S3743(a)S3814(value)S4058(of)S10 R-14168(-)S10 R4225(1)S4301(is)S4394(returned)S4756(and)S10 B(errno)241 4927 A10 R5194(is)S2880 V1080(set)S1217(to)S1320(indicate)S1664(an)S1784(error.)S3048 V9 R720(E)S722(ER)S780(RR)S842(RO)S904(OR)S972(RS)S1034(S)S3168 V10 B1080(Chroot)S10 R(will)157 1413 A1595(fail)S1755(and)S1925(the)S2073(root)S2260(directory)S(will)157 2649 A2831(be)S2951(unchanged)S3411(if)S3498(one)S3668(or)S3777(more)S4009(of)S4118(the)S4266(following)S4682(are)S4831(true:)S3336 V1080([ENOTDIR])S1830(A)S(component)446 1928 A2399(of)S2508(the)S2656(path)S2854(name)S3097(is)S3189(not)S3342(a)S3412(directory.)S3504 V([ENAMETOOLONG])916 1080 A3624 V1830(The)S2012(path)S2210(name)S(exceeds)319 2453 A2797(PATH_MAX)S3371(characters.)S3792 V1080([ENOENT])S1830(The)S2012(named)S2305(directory)S2694(does)S2903(not)S3056(exist.)S3960 V1080([EACCES])S1830(Search)S2130(permission)S2596(is)S2688(denied)S2981(for)S3124(any)S(component)446 3294 A3765(of)S3874(the)S4022(path)S4220(name.)S4128 V1080([ELOOP])S1830(Too)S2033(many)S2297(symbolic)S2706(links)S2942(were)S(encountered)492 3180 A3713(in)S3833(translating)S4300(the)S4465(pathname.)S4948(\(Minix-)S4248 V1830(vmd\))S4416 V1080([EFAULT])S10 I1830(Path)S10 R2045(points)S2315(outside)S2630(the)S2778(process's)S3178(allocated)S3567(address)S(space.)249 3894 A4584 V1080([EIO])S1830(An)S1978(I/O)S2138(error)S2360(occurred)S2738(while)S2987(reading)S3314(from)S3535(or)S(writing)291 3644 A3960(to)S4063(the)S4211(\256le)S4365(system.)S4752 V9 R720(S)S722(SE)S774(EE)S832(E)S913(A)S915(AL)S983(LS)S1041(SO)S1093(O)S4872 V10 B1080(chdir)S10 R1310(\(2\).)S7903 V720(Page)S941(1)S2669(\()S2711(May)S2920(22,)S(1986)200 3070 A3278(\))S4455(September)S4911(17,)S(1996)200 5061 A8143 VEP%%Page: 1 9BP/slant 0 def/height 0 def480 V10 R720(CLOSE)S1048(\()S1090(2)S1148(\))S2696(Eighth)S(Edition)296 2989 A4799(CLOSE)S5127(\()S5169(2)S5227(\))S960 V9 R720(N)S722(NA)S790(AM)S858(ME)S940(E)S1080 V10 R1080(close)S10 R-11312(-)S10 R1394(delete)S1660(a)S1730(descriptor)S1248 V9 R720(S)S722(SY)S774(YN)S842(NO)S910(OP)S978(PS)S1030(SI)S1082(IS)S1115(S)S1368 V10 B1080(#include)S1482(<unistd.h>)S1608 V1080(int)S1236(close\(int)S10 I1633(d)S10 B1683(\))S1776 V9 R720(D)S722(DE)S790(ES)S848(SC)S900(CR)S962(RI)S1024(IP)S1057(PT)S1109(TI)S1167(IO)S1200(ON)S1268(N)S1896 V10 R1080(The)S10 B1267(close)S10 R1504(call)S1680(deletes)S1990(a)S2065(descriptor)S2498(from)S2725(the)S2879(per-process)S3375(object)S3652(reference)S4060(table.)S4337(If)S4436(this)S4612(is)S4710(the)S4864(last)S5035(refer-)S2016 V1080(ence)S1299(to)S1411(the)S(underlying)435 1568 A2037(object,)S2342(then)S2549(it)S(will)157 2639 A2830(be)S(deactivated.)484 2959 A3502(For)S3676(example,)S4076(on)S4210(the)S4367(last)S4541(close)S4781(of)S4898(a)S4976(\256le)S5138(the)S2136 V1080(current)S10 I(seek)174 1397 A10 R1602(pointer)S1918(associated)S2363(with)S2573(the)S2727(\256le)S2887(is)S2985(lost;)S3189(on)S3320(the)S3474(last)S3645(close)S3884(of)S4000(a)S4077(TCP/IP)S4412(descriptor)S4847(associated)S2256 V1080(naming)S1412(information)S1918(and)S2094(queued)S2415(data)S2614(are)S2769(discarded;)S3213(on)S3343(the)S3496(last)S3666(close)S3903(of)S4017(a)S4092(\256le)S4251(holding)S4587(an)S4712(advisory)S5088(lock)S⌨️ 快捷键说明
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