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5088(than)S4632 V1080(similar)S1385(names)S1667(in)S1770(the)S1919(source)S2208(directory)S2598(are)S(replaced.)367 2748 A10 I3166(Backup)S10 R3494(uses)S3693(times)S3937(for)S4081(this)S4252(purpose,)S4621(like)S10 I4798(make)S10 R5011(.)S5087(Cal-)S4752 V1080(ling)S10 I1265(Backup)S10 R1596(as)S10 I1709(Restore)S10 R2046(is)S2142(equivalent)S2590(to)S2697(using)S2943(the)S3095(-r)S3192(option;)S3505(this)S(replaces)331 3679 A4039(newer)S4314(\256les)S4510(in)S4616(the)S4767(target)S5025(direc-)S4872 V1080(tory)S1272(with)S1481(older)S1718(\256les)S1916(from)S2143(the)S2297(source)S2591(directory,)S3011(uncompressing)S3650(them)S3882(if)S(necessary.)417 3975 A4448(The)S4636(target)S4897(directory)S4992 V1080(contents)S1440(are)S1589(thus)S1781(returned)S2142(to)S2245(some)S2482(previous)S2853(state.)S5160 V9 R720(S)S722(SE)S774(EE)S832(E)S913(A)S915(AL)S983(LS)S1041(SO)S1093(O)S5280 V10 B1080(tar)S10 R1209(\(1\).)S7903 V720(Page)S941(1)S4455(September)S4911(17,)S(1996)200 5061 A8143 VEP%%Page: 1 4BP/slant 0 def/height 0 def480 V10 R720(BADBLOCKS)S1339(\()S1381(8)S1439(\))S2696(Eighth)S(Edition)296 2989 A4508(BADBLOCKS)S5127(\()S5169(8)S5227(\))S960 V9 R720(N)S722(NA)S790(AM)S858(ME)S940(E)S1080 V10 R1080(badblocks)S10 R-11512(-)S10 R1594(put)S1747(a)S1817(list)S1965(of)S2074(bad)S2244(blocks)S2531(in)S2634(a)S2704(\256le)S1248 V9 R720(S)S722(SY)S774(YN)S842(NO)S910(OP)S978(PS)S1030(SI)S1082(IS)S1115(S)S1368 V10 B1080(badblocks)S10 I1554(block_special)S10 R2145([)S10 I2179(block)S10 R2397(])S(...)75 2469 A1536 V9 R720(E)S722(EX)S780(XA)S848(AM)S916(MP)S998(PL)S1050(LE)S1108(ES)S1166(S)S1656 V10 B1080(badblocks)S1541(/dev/hd1)S10 R2080(#)S2155(Handle)S2471(bad)S2641(blocks)S2928(on)S10 I(/dev/hd1)346 3053 A1824 V10 B1080(badblocks)S1541(/dev/hd3)S(310)150 1935 A(570)150 2110 A(1680)200 2285 A1944 V10 R2080(#)S2155(Three)S2416(bad)S2586(blocks)S2873(on)S10 I(/dev/hd3)346 2998 A2112 V9 R720(D)S722(DE)S790(ES)S848(SC)S900(CR)S962(RI)S1024(IP)S1057(PT)S1109(TI)S1167(IO)S1200(ON)S1268(N)S2232 V10 R1080(If)S1176(a)S1249(device)S1540(contains)S1903(bad)S2076(sectors,)S2409(it)S2493(is)S2588(important)S3007(to)S3113(not)S3269(have)S3488(them)S3718(allocated)S4111(to)S4218(important)S4638(\256les.)S4885(This)S5093(pro-)S2352 V1080(gram)S1314(makes)S1598(it)S1681(possible)S2037(to)S2142(collect)S2438(up)S2565(to)S2670(7)S2747(bad)S2919(blocks)S3208(into)S3391(a)S3463(dummy)S3796(\256le,)S3977(so)S4093(they)S(will)157 4293 A4477(not)S4632(be)S4753(allocated)S5143(for)S2472 V1080(a)S1160('real')S1415(\256le.)S1604(When)S1879(the)S2037(program)S2413(starts)S2661(up,)S2821(it)S2912(asks)S3120(for)S3273(a)S3353(list)S3511(of)S3630(bad)S3810(blocks,)S4132(unless)S4418(they)S4626(are)S4785(provided)S5177(as)S2592 V1080(arguments.)S1574(Then)S1806(it)S1887(creates)S2193(a)S2263(\256le)S2417(whose)S2699(name)S2942(is)S3034(of)S3143(the)S3291(form)S10 I(.Bad_xxxxx)462 3512 A10 R3974(,)S4024(where)S10 I(xxxxx)225 4296 A10 R4546(is)S4638(a)S4708(pid.)S2760 V9 R720(S)S722(SE)S774(EE)S832(E)S913(A)S915(AL)S983(LS)S1041(SO)S1093(O)S2880 V10 B1080(readall)S10 R1382(\(1\).)S7903 V720(Page)S941(1)S4455(September)S4911(17,)S(1996)200 5061 A8143 VEP%%Page: 1 5BP/slant 0 def/height 0 def480 V10 R720(BOOT)S1003(\()S1045(8)S1103(\))S2696(Eighth)S(Edition)296 2989 A4844(BOOT)S5127(\()S5169(8)S5227(\))S960 V9 R720(N)S722(NA)S790(AM)S858(ME)S940(E)S1080 V10 R(boot)178 1080 A10 R-11283(-)S10 R1365(from)S1586(power)S1863(on)S1988(to)S2091(the)S2239(login)S2470(prompt)S1248 V9 R720(D)S722(DE)S790(ES)S848(SC)S900(CR)S962(RI)S1024(IP)S1057(PT)S1109(TI)S1167(IO)S1200(ON)S1268(N)S1368 V10 R1080(At)S1215(power)S1501(on)S1635(the)S1792(machine)S2167(reads)S2414(the)S2571(\256rst)S2762(sector)S3037(of)S3155(the)S(boot)178 3312 A3524(device)S3821(into)S4011(memory)S4380(and)S4559(executes)S4941(it.)S5082(This)S1488 V(bootstrap)374 1080 A1500(code)S1736(loads)S10 B1994(/boot)S10 R2212(,)S2283(the)S2452(Minix)S2743(Boot)S2984(Monitor.)S3409(The)S3612(monitor)S3976(loads)S4234(the)S4403(kernel)S4701(binaries)S5065(from)S1608 V10 B1080(/minix)S10 R1354(,)S1404(or)S1513(the)S1661(newest)S1966(\256le)S2120(in)S10 B2223(/minix)S10 R2522(if)S2609(it)S2690(is)S2782(a)S2852(directory.)S1776 V1080(The)S1266(Minix)S1540(system)S1848(is)S1944(now)S(running,)337 2146 A2512(the)S2664(different)S3041(tasks)S(initialize)353 3271 A3653(themselves)S4129(and)S4303(control)S4618(is)S4715(transferred)S5183(to)S1896 V1080(the)S1228(last)S1393(one,)S10 B1588(init)S10 R1734(.)S2064 V10 B1080(Init)S10 R1266(is)S1362(the)S(grandparent)481 1514 A2024(of)S2137(all)S2267(Minix)S2541(processes,)S2981(it)S3066(is)S(responsible)458 3162 A3649(for)S3796(starting)S4127(login)S4362(processes)S4777(on)S(each)185 4906 A5120(ter-)S2184 V1080(minal,)S1359(but)S1512(\256rst)S1694(it)S1775(runs)S10 B1973(/etc/rc)S10 R2243(.)S2352 V10 B1080(/etc/rc)S10 R1383(checks)S1690(the)S1846(state)S2064(of)S2181(the)S2337(system)S2649(and)S2827(starts)S3073(daemons.)S3513(First)S3731(it)S3820(sets)S4004(the)S(keyboard)374 4160 A4567(translation)S5026(to)S5138(the)S2472 V1080(mapping)S1458(in)S10 B1563(/etc/keymap)S10 R2111(if)S2200(present,)S2543(then)S2743(it)S2826(reads)S3066(the)S3216(time)S3422(zone)S3639(from)S10 B3862(/etc/timeinfo)S10 R4428(followed)S4813(by)S4940(a)S5011(call)S5183(to)S2592 V10 B1080(readclock)S10 R1500(\(8\))S1650(to)S1760(set)S1905(Minix)S2183(time)S2395(from)S2624(the)S2780(hardware)S3189(clock.)S3490(Next)S3719(the)S3875(\256le)S4037(systems)S4388(are)S4545(checked)S4908(if)S(neces-)258 5003 A2712 V1080(sary)S1273(and)S1443(the)S10 B1591(/usr)S10 R1784(\256le)S1938(system)S2242(is)S(mounted.)376 2334 A2880 V1080(The)S1268(system)S1578(is)S1676(now)S1881(ready)S2137(for)S(multiuser)380 2287 A2699(startup,)S10 B3030(/etc/rc)S10 R3332(starts)S3577(the)S10 B(update)297 3732 A10 R4029(\(8\))S4179(and)S10 B4356(cron)S10 R4552(\(8\))S4702(daemons,)S5116(and)S3000 V(initializes)392 1080 A1504(the)S1659(network)S2021(services.)S10 B2428(/etc/rc)S10 R2730(\256nally)S3019(recovers)S3393(crashed)S3732(editor)S3998(buffers)S4315(and)S4491(cleans)S4774(out)S4933(the)S10 B5087(tmp)S3120 V10 R1080(directories.)S3288 V10 B1080(Init)S10 R1262(reads)S10 B1500(/etc/ttytab)S10 R1963(and)S2133(starts)S2371(a)S10 B2441(getty)S10 R2654(\(8\))S2797(for)S(each)185 2940 A3150(enabled)S3488(terminal)S3849(line)S4025(to)S4128(allow)S4377(a)S4447(user)S4640(to)S4743(log)S4896(in.)S3456 V9 R720(B)S722(BO)S784(OO)S852(OT)S920(T)S1001(E)S1003(EN)S1061(NV)S1129(VI)S1197(IR)S1230(RO)S1292(ON)S1360(NM)S1428(ME)S1510(EN)S1568(NT)S1636(T)S3576 V10 R1080(Many)S1344(features)S1694(of)S1808(the)S1961(drivers)S2272(inside)S2543(the)S2697(kernel)S2980(are)S3135(controlled)S3574(by)S(settings)307 3705 A4043(in)S4152(the)S(boot)178 4306 A4515(environment.)S5104(The)S3696 V1080(values)S1389(of)S1525(these)S1784(variables)S2200(are)S2376(usually)S2718(colon)S2993(or)S3129(comma)S3477(separated)S3910(numbers)S4307(con\256guring)S4821(the)S4995(driver.)S3816 V10 B1080(DPETH0)S1516(=)S(300:10)284 1612 A10 R1935(tells)S2142(the)S2304(ethernet)S2668(driver)S2948(to)S3065(use)S3238(I/O)S3413(address)S(0x300,)275 3755 A4070(interrupt)S4457(request)S4788(10,)S4953(and)S5138(the)S3936 V1080(default)S1388(memory)S1751(address)S(\(0xD0000,)432 2081 A2541(values)S2825(may)S3025(be)S(omitted\))341 3147 A3515(for)S3660(the)S3810(\256rst)S3994(ethernet)S4346(board.)S4652(\(Note)S4909(that)S5087(IRQ)S4056 V1080(2)S1155(is)S1247(redirected)S1676(to)S1779(IRQ)S1978(9)S2053(on)S2178(AT's)S2411(and)S2581(PS/2's,)S2894(so)S3008(use)S3167(9)S3242(if)S3329(a)S3399(device)S3687(is)S3779(jumpered)S4184(for)S4327(2.\))S4224 V1080(Variables)S1495(that)S1674(are)S1826(special)S2134(to)S2240(both)S2446(the)S2597(monitor)S2943(and)S3116(the)S3268(kernel)S3549(are)S3702(described)S4117(in)S10 B4224(monitor)S10 R4571(\(8\).)S4768(This)S4976(section)S4344 V1080(lists)S1267(extra)S1494(variables)S1883(or)S1992(variable)S(settings:)335 2342 A4512 V10 B1080(hd)S10 R1217(=)S10 B1299(at)S10 R1408(|)S10 B1453(bios)S10 R1651(|)S10 B1696(esdi)S10 R1889(|)S10 B1934(xt)S4632 V10 R(Choose)301 1440 A1770(the)S1922(driver)S2192(that)S2372(is)S2468(to)S2575(be)S2699(used)S2912(for)S3059(the)S3211(hard)S3419(disk,)S3640(in)S3748(order:)S4019(IBM/AT)S4402(\(classic)S4735(AT)S4900(or)S5014(newer)S4752 V1440(IDE\),)S1703(BIOS)S1968(\(generic)S2334(driver\),)S2669(ESDI)S2929(\(some)S3210(PS/2's\),)S3567(or)S3686(IBM/XT.)S4123(By)S4274(default)S4588(the)S4745(\256rst)S4936(of)S5054(these)S4872 V1440(drivers)S1752(that)S1935(is)S2034(enabled)S2379(is)S2478(used.)S2744(Most)S2982(drivers)S3294(are)S3450(present)S3773(in)S3883(the)S4038(kernel)S4322(as)S4439(distributed,)S4927(but)S5088(may)S4992 V1440(be)S1563(taken)S1809(out)S1965(by)S2093(modifying)S10 B2539(/usr/include/minix/con\256g.h)S10 R3689(.)S3767(\(An)S3952(XT)S(should)267 4115 A4410(always)S4718(use)S4880(the)S5031(BIOS)S5112 V1440(driver,)S1732(not)S1886(the)S2035(XT)S2196(driver,)S(because)319 2488 A2833(BIOS)S3089(calls)S3300(are)S3451(cheap)S3713(on)S3840(an)S3962(XT.)S4174(The)S4358(XT)S4520(driver)S4788(can)S4955(be)S5077(used)S5232 V1440(on)S1565(AT)S1725(machines)S2130(with)S2334(an)S2454(old)S2607(XT)S2767(controller.\))S5400 V10 B1080(DPETH)S10 I1427(n)S10 R1502(=)S10 B1584(on)S10 R1715(|)S10 B1760(off)S5520 V10 R1440(Turn)S1665(an)S1789(ethernet)S2143(board)S2401(on)S2530(or)S2644(off.)S2842(The)S3029(driver)S3300(is)S3397(by)S3527(default)S3837(in)S3945("sink")S4224(mode)S4477(for)S4625(all)S4756(boards.)S5104(The)S5640 V1440(sink)S1644(mode)S1904(allows)S2204(one)S2386(to)S2501(use)S2671(the)S2830(driver)S(without)307 3107 A3450(an)S3581(ethernet)S3942(board)S4207(installed.)S4634(The)S4827(driver)S(will)157 5104 A5760 V1440(play)S1645(/dev/null)S2034(for)S2184(that)S2367(device,)S2687(i.e.)S2842(nothing)S3180(comes)S3469(in,)S3604(and)S3781(anything)S4165(send)S4382(out)S4543(is)S(dropped)329 4643 A5005(on)S5138(the)S5880 V1440(\257oor.)S1708(If)S1804(the)S1955(board)S2212(is)S2307(turned)S2592(on)S2720(then)S2921(the)S3072(driver)S(will)157 3340 A3524(use)S3685(it)S3768(to)S3873(send)S4084(out)S4239(packets,)S4593(if)S4682(it)S4765(is)S4859(turned)S5143(off)S6000 V1440(then)S1638(the)S1786(driver)S(will)157 2052 A2234(fail)S2394(for)S2537(that)S2713(board.)S6168 V10 B1080(DPETH)S10 I1427(n)S10 R1502(=)S10 I(I/O-addr)358 1584 A10 R1942(:)S10 I1970(irq)S10 R2087(:)S10 I(mem_addr)430 2115 A6288 V10 R1440(Set)S1596(the)S1746(I/O)S1908(address)S2237(\(hex\),)S2502(IRQ)S2703(\(decimal\))S3117(and)S3289(memory)S3651(address)S3980(\(hex\))S4220(of)S4331(the)S10 I4481(n)S10 R4539(-th)S4679(ethernet)S5032(board)S6408 V1440(and)S1638(turn)S1853(it)S1962(on.)S2164(By)S2333(default)S2665(they)S2890(are)S3066(con\256gured)S3548(as)S(280:3:D0000)529 3684 A4265(and)S(300:5:CC000.)565 4462 A5104(The)S6528 V1440(memory)S1803(address)S2133(is)S(ignored)307 2228 A2563(for)S2709(the)S2861(Novell)S3164(ethernet)S3518(boards,)S3840(but)S3997(may)S4199(be)S(explicitly)380 4323 A4732(set)S4873(to)S4980(zero)S5183(to)S6648 V1440(indicate)S1793(that)S1978(the)S2135(board)S10 B2398(is)S10 R2499(a)S2578(Novell)S2886(ethernet)S3245(board.)S3558(You)S3765(do)S3899(not)S4061(need)S4284(to)S4395(specify)S4719(the)S4875(IRQ)S5082(with)S6768 V1440(modern)S1786(Western)S2161(Digital)S(8013)200 2480 A2719(compatible)S3205(ethernet)S3569(cards,)S3846(the)S4008(driver)S4288(asks)S4500(the)S4662(board)S4930(what)S5166(its)S6888 V1440(IRQ)S1650(is.)S1803(\(Note)S2069(that)S2256(the)S2415(default)S2731(IRQ)S2941(con\257icts)S3318(with)S3533(the)S(second)279 3692 A⌨️ 快捷键说明
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