elvis.9

Unix操作系统minix 2.0源码

The (y)ank command copies the specified range of lines into a cut
buffer, but does \fInot\fR delete them.

The (pu)t command inserts text from a cut buffer after the specified
line\(emor before it if the ! is present.

The (co)py and (t)o commands yank the specified range of lines and then
immediately paste them after some other line.

The (m)ove command deletes the specified range of lines and then
immediately pastes them after some other line.  If the destination
line comes after the deleted text, then it will be adjusted
automatically to account for the deleted lines.
.UU "Displaying Text"
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
[line][,line]	print
[line][,line]	list

.fi
The (p)rint command displays the specified range of lines.

The (l)ist command also displays them, but it is careful to make
control characters visible.
.UU "Global Operations"
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
[line][,line]	global /regexp/ command
[line][,line]	vglobal /regexp/ command

.fi
The (g)lobal command searches through the lines of the specified range
(or through the whole file if no range is specified) for lines that
contain a given regular expression.  It then moves the cursor to each
of these lines and runs some other command on them.

The (v)global command is similar, but it searches for lines that
\fIdo not\fR contain the regular expression.
.UU "Line Editing"
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
[line][,line]	join
[line][,line]	! program
[line][,line]	<
[line][,line]	>
[line][,line]	substitute /regexp/replacement/[p][g]

.fi
The (j)oin command concatenates all lines in the specified range together
to form one big line.  If only a single line is specified, then the
following line is catenated onto it.

The ! command runs an external filter program, and feeds the specified
range of lines to it's stdin.  The lines are then replaced by the
output of the filter.  A typical example would be \*(OQ:'a,'z!sort -n\*(CQ to
sort the lines 'a,'z according to their numeric values.

The < and > commands shift the specified range of lines left or right,
normally by the width of 1 tab character.  The \*(OQshiftwidth\*(CQ option
determines the shifting amount.

The (s)ubstitute command finds the regular expression in each line,
and replaces it with the replacement text.  The \*(OQp\*(CQ option causes
the altered lines to be printed, and the \*(OQg\*(CQ option permits all
instances of the regular expression to be found & replaced.  (Without
\*(OQg\*(CQ, only the first occurrence is replaced.)
.SP 0.25
.UU "Undo"
.SP 0.25
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
	undo

.fi
The (u)ndo command restores the file to the state it was in before your
most recent command which changed text.
.SP 0.25
.UU "Configuration & Status"
.SP 0.25
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
	map[!] [key mapped_to]
	unmap[!] key
	set [options]
	mkexrc
[line]	mark x
	visual
	version
[line][,line]	=
	file

.fi
The (ma)p command allows you to configure \fIelvis\fR to recognize your
function keys, and treat them as though they transmitted some other
sequence of characters.  Normally this mapping is done only when in
the visual command mode, but with the [!]	present it will map keys
under all contexts.  When this command is given with no arguments,
it prints a table showing all mappings currently in effect.  When
called with two arguments, the first is the sequence that your
function key really sends, and the second is the sequence that you
want \fIelvis\fR to treat it as having sent.

The (unm)ap command removes key definitions that were made via the
map command.

The (se)t command allows you examine or set various options.  With
no arguments, it displays the values of options that have been
changed.  With the single argument \*(OQall\*(CQ it displays the values of
all options, regardless of whether they've been explicitly set or
not.  Otherwise, the arguments are treated as options to be set.

The (mk)exrc command saves the current configuration to a file
called \fI.exrc\fR in the current directory.

The mar(k) command defines a named mark to refer to a specific place
in the file.  This mark may be used later to specify lines for other
commands.

The (vi)sual command puts the editor into visual mode.  Instead of
emulating ex, \fIelvis\fR will start emulating vi.

The (ve)rsion command tells you that what version of \fIelvis\fR this is.

The = command tells you what line you specified, or, if you specified
a range of lines, it will tell you both endpoints and the number of
lines included in the range.

The file command tells you the name of the file, whether it has been
modified, the number of lines in the file, and the current line number.
.UU "Multiple Files"
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
	args [files]
	next[!] [files]
	Next[!]
	previous[!]
	rewind[!]

.fi
When you invoke \fIelvis\fR from your shell's command line, any filenames
that you give to \fIelvis\fR as arguments are stored in the args list.  The
(ar)gs command will display this list, or define a new one.

The (n)ext command switches from the current file to the next one in
the args list.  You may specify a new args list here, too.

The (N)ext and (pre)vious commands (they're really aliases for the same
command) switch from the current file to the preceding file in the
args list.

The (rew)ind command switches from the current file to the first file
in the args list.
.SP 1
.UU "Switching Files"
.SP 1
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
	edit[!] [file]
	tag[!] tagname

.fi
The (e)dit command allows to switch from the current file to some other
file.  This has nothing to do with the args list, by the way.

The (ta)g command looks up a given tagname in a file called \*(OQtags".
This tells it which file the tag is in, and how to find it in that file.
\fIElvis\fR then switches to the tag's file and finds the tag.
.SP 1
.UU "Exiting"
.SP 1
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
	quit[!]
	wq
	xit

.fi
The (q)uit command exits from the editor without saving your file.

The (wq) and (x)it commands (really two names for the same command)
both write the file before exiting.
.UU "File I/O"
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
[line]	read file
[line][,line]	write[!][[>>]file]

.fi
The (r)ead command gets text from another file and inserts it after
the specified line.

.fi
The (w)rite command writes the whole file, or just part of it, to
some other file.  The !, if present, will permit the lines to be
written even if you've set the readonly option.  If you precede the
filename by >> then the lies will be appended to the file.
.UU "Directory"
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
	cd [directory]
	chdir [directory]
	shell

.fi
The (cd) and (chd)ir commands (really two names for one command)
switch the current working directory.

The (sh)ell command starts an interactive shell.
.SP 0.5
.UU "Debugging"
.SP 0.5
.LP
.ta 1.2i 2.4i
.nf
[line][,line]	debug[!]
	validate[!]

.fi
These commands are only available if you compile \fIelvis\fR with the
\fB-DDEBUG\fR flag.

The de(b)ug command lists stats for the blocks which contain the
specified range of lines.  If the ! is present, then the contents
of those blocks is displayed, too.

The (va)lidate command checks certain variables for internal
consistency.  Normally it does not output anything unless it detects
a problem.  With the !, though, it will always produce *some*
output.
.SP 0.5
.SS "Extensions"
.SP 0.5
.PP.
.ta 1i
.in +0.25i
In addition to the standard commands, a variety of extra features are
present in \fIelvis\fR that are not present in \fIvi\fR.
They are described below.

.ti -0.25i
.B .exrc
.br
\fIElvis\fR first runs a \fI.exrc\fR file (if there is one) from your $HOME
directory. After that, it runs a \fI.exrc\fR (if there is one) from the
current directory.  The one in the current directory may override
settings made by the one in the $HOME directory.

.ti -0.25i
.B :mkexrc
.ti -0.25i
.B :mk
.br
This EX command saves the current :set and :map configurations in
the \*(OQ.exrc\*(CQ file in your current directory.

.ti -0.25i
.B :args
.ti -0.25i
.B :ar
.br
You can use the :args command to define a new args list, as in:

	:args *.h

After you have defined a new args list, the next time you issue a
:next command \fIelvis\fR will switch to the first file of the new list.

.ti -0.25i
.B :Next
.ti -0.25i
.B :previous
.ti -0.25i
.B :N
.ti -0.25i
.B :pre
.br
These commands move backwards through the args list.

.ti -0.25i
.B zz
.br
In VI, the (lowercase) \*(OQzz\*(CQ command will center the current line on
the screen, like \*(OQz="

.ti -0.25i
.B .
.br
The default count value for . is the same as the previous command
which . is meant to repeat.  However, you can supply a new count
if you wish.  
For example, after \*(OQ3dw\*(CQ, \*(OQ.\*(CQ will delete 3 words,
but \*(OQ5.\*(CQ will delete 5 words.

.ti -0.25i
\fB"\fR
.br
The text which was most recently input (via a \*(OQcw\*(CQ command, or
something similar) is saved in a cut buffer called ". (which is a
pretty hard name to write in an English sentence).  You can use this
with the \*(OQp\*(CQ or \*(OQP\*(CQ commands thusly:
.HS
	".p
.HS
.ti -0.25i
.B K
.br
You can move the cursor onto a word and press shift-K to have \fIelvis\fR
run a reference program to look that word up.  This command alone is
worth the price of admission!  See the ctags and ref programs.

.ti -0.25i
.B input
.br
You can backspace back past the beginning of the line.
If you type CTRL-A, then the text that you input last time is
inserted.  You will remain in input mode, so you can backspace over
part of it, or add more to it.  (This is sort of like CTRL-@ on
the real vi, except that CTRL-A really works.)

Real \fIvi\fR can only remember up to 128 characters of input, but \fIelvis\fR
can remember any amount.

.ti -0.25i
.B :set
charattr
.ti -0.25i
.B :se
ca
.br
\fIElvis\fR can display \*(OQbackslash-f\*(CQ style character attributes on the
screen as you edit.  The following example shows the recognized
attributes:

	normal \fBboldface\fR \fIitalics\fR 

NOTE: you must compile \fIelvis\fR without the \(enDSET_NOCHARATTR flag for
this to work.
.in -0.25i
.SS "Omissions"
.PP
A few \fIvi\fR features are missing.
The replace mode is a hack.  It does not save the text that it overwrites.
.PP
Long lines are displayed differently\(emwhere the real vi would wrap a long
line onto several rows of the screen, \fIelvis\fR simply displays part of the line,
and allows you to scroll the screen sideways to see the rest of it.
.PP
The \*(OQ:preserve\*(CQ and \*(OQ:recover\*(CQ commands are missing, as 
is the \fB\(enr\fR flag.
\*(OQ:Preserve" is practically never used and since use of \*(OQ:recover\\*(CQ
is so rare, it was decided to implement it as a separate program.  There's no
need to load the recovery code into memory every time you edit a file.
.PP
LISP support is missing.
The \*(OQ@\*(CQ and \*(OQ:@\*(CQ commands are missing.
You cannot APPEND to a cut buffer.
.SS "Options"
.PP
A variety of options can be set as described below:
.HS
.nf
.in +0.25i
.ta 0.9i 1.35i 2.1i 3.0i
\fBName	Abbr	Type	Default	Description\fR
autoindent	as	Bool	FALSE	autoindent during input?
autowrite	aw	Bool	FALSE	write file for :n command?
charattr	ca	Bool	FALSE	display bold & underline chars?
columns	co	Number	80	width of screen, in characters
directory	dir	String	/usr/tmp	where tmp files are kept
errorbells	eb	Bool	TRUE	ring bell on error?
exrefresh	er	Bool	TRUE	EX mode calls write() often?
ignorecase	ic	Bool	FALSE	searches: upper/lowercase OK?
keytime	kt	Number	1	allow slow receipt of ESC seq?
keywordprg	kp	String	/usr/bin/ref	program to run for shift-K
lines	ln	Number	25	height of screen, in lines
list	li	Bool	FALSE	show tabs as \*(OQ^I\*(CQ?
magic	ma	Bool	TRUE	searches: allow metacharacters?
paragraphs	pa	String	PPppPApa	paragraphs start with .PP, etc.
readonly	ro	Bool	FALSE	no file should be written back?
report	re	Number	5	report changes to X lines?
scroll	sc	Number	12	default #lines for ^U and ^D
sections	se	String	SEseSHsh	sections start with .SE, etc.
shell	sh	String	\fI/bin/sh\fR	shell program, from environment
shiftwidth	sw	Number	8	width of < or > commands
sidescroll	ss	Number	8	#chars to scroll sideways by
sync	sy	Bool	FALSE	call sync() after each change?
tabstop	ts	Number	8	width of a tab character
term	te	String	"?"	terminal type, from environment
vbell	vb	Bool	TRUE	use visible bell if possible?
warn	wa	Bool	TRUE	warn if file not saved for :!cmd
wrapmargin	wm	Number	0	Insert newline after which col?
wrapscan	ws	Bool	TRUE	searches: wrap at EOF?

.fi
.ti -0.25i
.B autoindent
.br
During input mode, the autoindent option will cause each added line
to begin with the same amount of leading whitespace as the line above
it.  Without autoindent, added lines are initially empty.

.ti -0.25i
.B autowrite
.br
When you're editing one file and decide to switch to another\(emvia
the :tag command, or :next command, perhaps\(emif your current
file has been modified, then \fIelvis\fR will normally print an error
message and refuse to switch.

However, if the autowrite option is on, then \fIelvis\fR will write the
modified version of the current file and successfully switch to the