mh.rf

<B>Digital的Unix操作系统VAX 4.2源码</B>

\fIshow\fR,
\fInext\fR,
\fIprev\fR,
\fIrmm\fR,
\fIcomp\fR,
and
\fIrepl\fR.
These are described below.

\fIinc\fR
.pp
When you get the message \*(lqYou have mail\*(rq, type the command \fIinc\fR.
You will get a \*(lqscan listing\*(rq such as:

.nf
.in +.5i
.ta \w'7+  'u +\w'11/26  'u +\w'To:norm  'u
7+	\07/13	Cas	revival of measurement work
8	10/\09	Norm	NBS people and publications
9	11/26	To:norm	question \*(<<Are there any functions
.re
.in -.5i
.fi
.pp
This shows the messages you received since the last time you
executed this command (\fIinc\fR adds these new messages to your inbox folder).
You can see this list again, plus a list of any
other messages you have, by using the
\fIscan\fR command.

\fIscan\fR
.pp
The scan listing shows the message number, followed by the
date and the sender.
(If you are the sender, the addressee in the \*(lqTo:\*(rq
component is displayed.
You may send yourself a message by including
your name among the \*(lqTo:\*(rq or \*(lqcc:\*(rq addressees.)
It also shows the message's subject; if
the subject is short, the first part of the body of the message is
included after the characters \*(<<.

.ne 5
\fIshow\fR
.pp
This command shows the current message, that is,
the first one of the new messages after an
\fIinc\fR.
If the message is not
specified by name (number), it is
generally the last message referred to by an \fIMH\fR command.
For example,


.ta \w'\fIshow\fR\0|\0\fIlpr\fR  'u
.ti .5i
^\fIshow\fP\05~^will show message 5.
.re

.pp
You can use the show command to copy a message or print a
message.

.(b L
.in .5i
.ta \w'\fIshow\fR\0|\0\fIlpr\fR  'u
^\fIshow\fR\0>\0\fIx\fR~^will copy the message to file x.
.br
^\fIshow\fR\0|\0\fIlpr\fR~^will print the message, using the \fIlpr\fR command.
.br
^\fInext\fR~^will show the message that follows the current message.
.br
^\fIprev\fR~^will show the message previous to the current message.
.br
^\fIrmm\fR~^will remove the current message.
.br
^\fIrmm\03\fR~^will remove message 3.
.)b

.ne 5
\fIcomp\fR
.pp
The
\fIcomp\fR command puts you in the editor to write or edit a message.
Fill in or
delete the \*(lqTo:\*(rq, \*(lqcc:\*(rq, and \*(lqSubject:\*(rq fields,
as appropriate, and type the body of the message.
Then
exit normally from the editor.
You will be asked
\*(lqWhat now?\*(rq.
Type a carriage return to see the options.
Typing \fBsend\fR
will cause the message to be sent; typing \fBquit\fR will cause an exit
from
\fIcomp\fR,
with the message draft saved.
.pp
If you quit without sending the message, it will be saved in a file
called <name>/Mail/draft (where <name> is your \fB$HOME\fR directory).
You can resume editing the message later with \*(lqcomp\0\-use\*(rq;
or you can send the message later, using the \fIsend\fR command.

.ne 4
\fIcomp\0\-editor\0prompter\fR
.pp
This command uses a different editor and is useful for preparing
\*(lqquick and dirty\*(rq messages.
It prompts you for each component of the
header.
Type the information for that component, or type a carriage
return to omit the component.
After that, type the body of the
message.
Backspacing is the only form of editing allowed with this editor.
When the body is complete, type a carriage return followed by <EOT>
(usually <CTRL-D>).
This completes the initial preparation of the message; from then on, use
the same procedures as with
\fIcomp\fR (above).

.ne 5
\fIrepl\fR
.br
\fIrepl\fR\0n 
.pp
This command makes up an initial message form with a header
that is appropriate for
replying to an existing message.
The message being answered is the
current message if no message number is mentioned, or n if a number
is specified.
After the header is completed, you can finish the message as in
\fIcomp\fR (above).
.pp
This is enough information to get you going using \fIMH\fR.
There are more commands,
and the commands described here have more features.
Subsequent sections
explain \fIMH\fR in complete detail.
The system is quite powerful if you
want to use its sophisticated features, but the foregoing commands
suffice for sending and receiving messages.
.pp
There are numerous additional capabilities you may wish to explore.
For example, the
\fIpick\fR command will select a subset of messages
based on specified criteria such as sender and/or subject.
Groups of
messages may be designated, as described in Sec. IV,
under \fBMessage Naming\fR.
The file \fI\&.mh\(ruprofile\fR can be used to tailor your use of
the message system to your needs and preferences, as described in Sec. IV,
under \fBThe User Profile\fR.
In general, you may
learn additional features of the system selectively, according to your
requirements,
by studying the relevant sections of this manual.
There is no need to
learn all the details of the system at once.
.+c "DETAILED DESCRIPTION"
.pp
This section describes the \fIMH\fR system in detail, including the components
of the user profile, the conventions for message naming, and some of
the other \fIMH\fR conventions.
Readers who are
generally familiar with computer systems will be able to follow
the principal ideas, although some details may be meaningful only to
those familiar with UNIX.
.uh "THE USER PROFILE"
.pp
The first time an \fIMH\fR command is issued by a new user, the system
prompts for a \*(lqPath\*(rq and creates an \fIMH\fR \*(lqprofile\*(rq.
.pp
Each \fIMH\fR user has a profile which contains tailoring
information for each individual program.
Other profile entries control the \fIMH\fR path (where folders and
special files are kept), folder and message protections, editor
selection, and default arguments for each \fIMH\fR program.
Each user of \fIMH\fR also has a context file which contains
current state information for the \fIMH\fR package
(the location of the context file is kept in the user's \fIMH\fR directory,
or may be named in the user profile).
When a folder becomes
the current folder, it is recorded in the user's context.
(Other state information is kept in the context file,
see the manual entry for \fImh\-profile\0\fR(5) for more details.)
In general,
the term \*(lqprofile entry\*(rq refer to entries in either the profile or
context file.
Users of \fIMH\fR needn't worry about the distinction,
\fIMH\fR handles these things automatically.
.pp
The \fIMH\fR profile is stored in the file \fI\&.mh\(ruprofile\fR in the
user's \fB$HOME\fR directory\**.
.(f
\** By defining the envariable \fB$MH\fR,
you can specify an alternate profile to be used by \fIMH\fR commands.
.)f
It has the format of a message without
any body.
That is, each profile entry is on one line, with a
keyword followed by a colon (:) followed by text particular to
the keyword.
.br
\(rh\ \ \&
\fIThis file must not have blank lines.\fR
.br
The keywords
may have any combination of upper and lower case.
(See the information of \fImh\-mail\fR later on in this manual
for a description of message formats.)
.pp
For the average \fIMH\fR user, the only profile entry of
importance is \*(lqPath\*(rq.
Path specifies a directory in which \fIMH\fR
folders and certain files such as \*(lqdraft\*(rq are found.
The
argument to this keyword must be a legal UNIX path that names an
existing directory.
If this path is not absolute
(i.e., does not begin with a \fB/\fR\0),
it will be presumed to start from the user's \fB$HOME\fR directory.
All folder and message references within
\fIMH\fR will relate to this path unless full path names are used.
.pp
Message protection defaults to 644, and folder protection to
711.
These may be changed by profile entries \*(lqMsg-Protect\*(rq
and \*(lqFolder-Protect\*(rq, respectively.
The argument to these
keywords is an octal number which is used as the UNIX file mode\**.
.(f
\** See \fIchmod\fR\0(1) in the \fIUNIX Programmer's Manual\fR\0[5].
.)f
.pp
When an \fIMH\fR program starts running, it looks through the
user's profile for an entry with a keyword matching the program's
name.
For example, when
\fIcomp\fR is run, it looks for a \*(lqcomp\*(rq
profile entry.
If one is found, the text of the profile entry is
used as the default switch setting until all defaults are overridden
by explicit switches passed to the program as arguments.
Thus the profile
entry \*(lqcomp:\0\-form\0standard.list\*(rq would direct
\fIcomp\fR to use the
file \*(lqstandard.list\*(rq as the message skeleton.
If an explicit
form switch is given to the
\fIcomp\fR command, it will override the
switch obtained from the profile.
.pp
In UNIX, a program may exist under several names,
either by linking or aliasing.
The actual invocation name is used by an \fIMH\fR
program when scanning for its profile defaults\**.
.(f
\** Unfortunately,
the shell does not preserve aliasing information when calling a program,
hence if a program is invoked by an alias different than its name,
the program will examine the profile entry for it's name,
not the alias that the user invoked it as.
The correct solution is to create a (soft) link in your \fI$HOME/bin\fR
directory to the \fIMH\fR program of your choice.
By giving this link a different name,
you can use an alternate set of defaults for the command.
.)f
Thus, each \fIMH\fR program
may have several names by which it can be invoked, and each name
may have a different set of default switches.
For example, if
\fIcomp\fR is invoked by the name
\fIicomp\fR,
the profile entry
\*(lqicomp\*(rq will control the default switches for this invocation of
the
\fIcomp\fR program.
This provides a powerful
definitional facility for commonly used switch settings.
.pp
The default editor
for editing within
\fIcomp\fR,
\fIrepl\fR,
\fIforw\fR,
and
\fIdist\fR,
is usually \fIprompter\fR,
but might be something else at your site,
such as \fI/usr/ucb/ex\fR or \fI/bin/e\fR.
A different editor may be used by specifying
the profile entry
\*(lqEditor: \*(rq.
The argument to \*(lqEditor\*(rq is the name of an
executable program or shell command file which can be found via
the user's $PATH defined search path, excluding the current
directory.
The \*(lqEditor:\*(rq profile specification
may in turn be overridden by a `\-editor\0<editor>'
profile switch associated with
\fIcomp\fR,
\fIrepl\fR,
\fIforw\fR,
or
\fIdist\fR.
Finally, an explicit editor switch specified with any
of these four commands will have ultimate precedence.
.pp
During message composition, more than one editor may be
used.
For example, one editor (such as \fIprompter\fR\0)
may be used
initially, and a second editor may be invoked later to revise
the message being composed
(see the discussion of
\fIcomp\fR in Section 5 for details).
A profile entry \*(lq<lasteditor>\-next:\0<editor>\*(rq specifies the name of
the editor to be used after a particular editor.
Thus \*(lqcomp:\0\-e\0prompter\*(rq
causes the initial text to be collected by
\fIprompter\fR,
and the profile entry \*(lqprompter\-next:\0ed\*(rq names ed as the
editor to be invoked for the next round of editing.
.pp
Some of the \fIMH\fR commands, such as
\fIshow\fR,
can be used on
message folders owned by others, if those folders are readable.
However,
you cannot write in someone else's folder.
All the \fIMH\fR command
actions not requiring write permission may be used with
a \*(lqread-only\*(rq folder.
.pp
Table 1 lists examples of some of the currently defined profile
entries, typical arguments, and the programs that reference the
entries.
.bp
.in .9i
.ll -.9i
.ta \w'<program>:\0default switches  'u
.sp 30p
.ce
Table 1
.sp 8p
.ce
P\s-2ROFILE\s0 C\s-2OMPONENTS\s0
.hl             \" ~12p preceding + 1v (12p) after
.nf
^^\fIMH\fR Programs that
^Keyword and Argument~^\ use Component\h'|\n(.lu-.9i'\v'4p'\l'|0'\v'-4p'  \" \l'..' does underlining
.sp
^Path:\0Mail~^All
^Current-Folder:\0inbox~^Most
^Editor:\0/usr/ucb/ex~^\fIcomp, dist, forw, repl\fR
^Msg\-Protect:\0644~^\fIinc\fR
^Folder\-Protect:\0711~^\fIinc, pick, refile\fR
^<program>:\0default switches~^All
^prompter\-next:\0ed~^\fIcomp, dist, forw, repl\fR
.hl
.ll +.9i
.in 0
.fi
.pp
Path
.u should
be present.
Current\-Folder is maintained
automatically by many \fIMH\fR commands (see the \fBContext\fR sections of
the individual commands in Sec. IV).
All other entries are optional,
defaulting to the values described above.
.uh "MESSAGE NAMING"
.pp
Messages may be referred to explicitly or implicitly when
using \fIMH\fR commands.
A formal syntax of message names is given in Appendix B, but the
following description should be sufficient for most \fIMH\fR users.
Some details of message naming that apply only to certain
commands are included in the description of those
commands.
.pp
Most of the \fIMH\fR commands accept arguments specifying one or
more folders, and one or more messages to operate on.
The use of
the word \*(lqmsg\*(rq as an argument to a command means that exactly one
message name may be specified.
A message name may be a number,
such as 1, 33, or 234, or it may be
one of the \*(lqreserved\*(rq message names:
first, last, prev, next, and cur.
(As a shorthand, a
period (\&.) is equivalent to cur.)
The meanings of these names are straightforward:
\*(lqfirst\*(rq is the first message in the folder;
\*(lqlast\*(rq is the last message in the folder;
\*(lqprev\*(rq is the message numerically previous to the current message;
\*(lqnext\*(rq is the message numerically following the current message;
\*(lqcur\*(rq (or \*(lq\&.\*(rq) is the current message in the folder.
In addition,
\fIMH\fR supports user\-defined\-sequences;
see the description of the \fImark\fR command for more information.
.pp
The default in commands that take a \*(lqmsg\*(rq argument is
always \*(lqcur\*(rq.
.pp
The word \*(lqmsgs\*(rq indicates that several messages may be
specified.
Such a specification consists of several message