admin.rf

<B>Digital的Unix操作系统VAX 4.2源码</B>

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The RAND \fIMH\fR
Message Handling
System:
Administrator's Guide
.sp
UCI Version
.sp 2
\*(td
\*(MH
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.++ C
.+c INTRODUCTION

.uh "Scope of this document"
.pp
This is the Administrator's Guide to \fIMH\fR.
If you don't maintain an \fIMH\fR system,
don't read this;
the information is entirely too technical.
If you are a maintainer,
then read this guide until you understand it,
follow the advice it gives,
and then forget about the guide.
.pp
Before continuing, I'll point out two facts:
.sp 2
.(l C
\fIThis document will never contain all the information
you need to maintain MH.
.sp
Furthermore, this document will never contain everything
I know about maintaining MH.\fR
.)l
.sp 2
\fIMH\fR,
and mailsystems in general,
are more complex than most people realize.
A combination of experience, intuition, and tenacity is required to maintain
\fIMH\fR properly.
This document can provide only guidelines for bringing up an \fIMH\fR system
and maintaining it.
There is a sufficient amount of customization possible that not all events or
problems can be forseen.

.uh "Summary"
.pp
During \fIMH\fR generation,
you specify several configuration constants to the \fImhconfig\fR program.
These directives take into consideration such issues as hardware and
operating system dependencies in the source code.
They also factor out some major mailsystem administrative decisions
that are likely to be made consistantly at sites with more than one host.
The manual entry \fImh\-gen\fR\0(8) describes all the static configuration
directives.
.pp
However,
when you install \fIMH\fR you may wish to make some site\-specific
or host\-specific changes which aren't hardware or even software related.
Rather, they are administrative decisions.
That's what this guide is for: it describes all of the dynamically tailorable
directives.
.pp
Usually, after installing \fIMH\fR, you'll want to edit the
\fB@(MHETCPATH)/mtstailor\fR file.
This file fine-tunes the way \fIMH\fR interacts with the message transport
system (MTS).
Section 2 talks about the MTS interface and MTS tailoring.
.pp
After that, if you're running the UCI BBoards facility,
or the POP facility,
you'll need to know how to maintain those systems.
Sections 3 and 4 talk about these.
.pp
If for some reason
you're not running an MTS that can handle both Internet and \fIUUCP\fR traffic,
you should read\-up on mail filtering in Section 5.
Although this is considered \*(lqold technology\*(rq now,
the mechanisms described in Section 5 were really quite useful when
first introduced way back in 1981.
.pp
Finally, you may want to know how to modify the \fIMH\fR source tree.
Section 6 talks (a little bit) about that.
.pp
The last two sections describe a few hidden features in \fIMH\fR,
and the configuration options that were in effect when this guide was
generated.
.pp
After \fIMH\fR is installed, you should define the address \*(lqBug\-MH\*(rq
to map to either you or the \fIPostMaster\fR at your site.
.pp
In addition,
if you want to tailor the behavior of \fIMH\fR for new users,
you can create and edit the file \fB@(MHETCPATH)/mh.profile\fR.
When the \fIinstall-mh\fR program is run for a user,
if this file exists, it will copy it into the user's \&.mh\(ruprofile
file.

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.+c "THE MTS INTERFACE"
.pp
The file \fB@(MHETCPATH)/mtstailor\fR customizes
certain host\-specific parameters of \fIMH\fR
related primarily to interactions with the transport system.
The parameters in this file override the compiled\-in defaults given during
\fIMH\fR configuration.
Rather than recompiling \fIMH\fR on each host to make minor customizations,
it is easier simply to modify the \fBmtstailor\fR file.
All hosts at a given site normally use the same \fBmtstailor\fR file,
though this need not be the case.
.pp
It is a good idea to run the \fIconflict\fR\0(8) program each morning
under \fIcron\fR.
The following line usually suffices:

.ti +.5i
00 05 * * * @(MHETCPATH)/conflict -mail PostMaster

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.+c "BBOARDS"
.pp
The UCI BBoards facility has two aspects: message reading, and
message delivery.  The configuration directives applicable to
BBoards are \*(lqbboards: on/off/pop/nntp\*(rq and
\*(lqbbdelivery: on/off\*(rq.
.uh "BBoard Delivery"
.pp
If you enabled BBoards delivery (\*(lqbbdelivery: on\*(rq)
during configuration,
then the initial environment for bboards delivery
was set\-up during installation.
A BBoard called \*(lqsystem\*(rq is established,
which is the BBoard for general discussion.
.pp
To add more BBoards, become the \*(lqbboards\*(rq user,
and edit the \fB@(BBHOME)/BBoards\fR file.
The file \fBsupport/bboards/Example\fR is a copy of the
\fB@(BBHOME)/BBoards\fR file that we use at UCI.
When you add a BBoard,
you don't have to create the files associated with it,
the BBoards delivery system will do that automatically.
.pp
Private BBoards may be created.
To add the fictitious private BBoard \*(lqhacks\*(rq,
add the appropriate entry to the BBoards file,
create the empty file \fB@(BBHOME)/hacks.mbox\fR (or whatever),
change the mode of this file to 0640,
and change the group of the file to be the groupid of the people that you
want to be able to read it.
Also be sure to add the \*(lqbboards\*(rq user to this group
(in \fB/etc/group\fR),
so the archives can be owned correctly.
.pp
By using the special INVIS flag for a BBoard,
special purpose BBoards may be set\-up which are invisible to the \fIMH\fR
user.
For example,
if a site distributes a BBoard both locally to a number of machines and to a
number of distant machines.
It might be useful to have two distribution lists:
one for all machines on the list, and the other for local machines only.
This is actually very simple to do.
For the main list,
put the standard entry of information in the \fB@(BBHOME)/BBoards\fR file,
with the complete distribution list.
For the local machines list,
and add a similar entry to the \fB@(BBHOME)/BBoards\fR file.
All the fields should be the same except three:
the BBoard name should reflect a local designation (e.g., \*(lql\-hacks\*(rq),
the distribution list should contain only machines at the local site,
and the flags field should contain the INVIS flag.
Since the two entries share the same primary and archive files,
messages sent to either list are read by local users,
while only thoses messages sent to the main list are read by all users.
.pp
Two automatic facilities for dealing with BBoards exist:
automatic archiving and automatic aliasing.
The file \fBsupport/bboards/crontab\fR contains some entries that you
should add to your \fB/usr/lib/crontab\fR file to run the specified programs
at times that are convenient for you.
The \fBbboards.daily\fR file is run once a day and generates an alias file
for \fIMH\fR.
By using this file, users of \fIMH\fR can use, for example,
\*(lqunix\-wizards\*(rq instead of \*(lqunix\-wizards@brl\-vgr\*(rq
when they want to send a message to the \*(lqunix\-wizards\*(rq
discussion group.
This is a major win, since you just have to know the name of the group,
not the address where it's located.
.pp
The \fBbboards.weekly\fR file is run once a week and handles old
messages (those received more than 12 days ago) in the BBoards area.
In short,
those BBoards which are marked for automatic archiving
will have their old messages placed in the \fB@(BBHOME)/archive/\fR area,
or have their old messages removed.
Not only does this make BBoards faster to read,
but it conveniently partitions the new messages from the old messages
so you can easily put the old messages on tape and then remove them.
It turns out that this automatic archiving capability is also a major
win.
.pp
At UCI,
our policy is to save archived messages on tape (every two months or so).
We use a program called \fIbbtar\fR to implement our particular policy.
Since some BBoards are private (see above),
we save the archives on two tapes:
one containing the world\-readable archives
(this tape is read-only accessible to all users by calling the operator),
and the other containing the non\-world\-readable ones
(this tape is kept locked\-up somewhere).
.uh "BBoards with the POP"
.pp
If you configured \fIMH\fP with \*(lqbboards: pop\*(rq and \*(lqpop: on\*(rq,
then the \fIMH\fR user is allowed to read BBoards on a server machine
instead of the local host (thus saving disk space).
For completely transparent behavior,
the administrator may set certain variables in the \fBmtstailor\fR file
on the client host.
The variable \*(lqpopbbhost\*(rq indicates the host where BBoards are
kept
(it doesn't have to be the POP service host,
but this host must run both a POP server and the BBoards system).
The variable \*(lqpopbbuser\*(rq indicates the guest account on this host
for BBoards.
This username should not be either the POP user or the BBoards user.
Usually the anonymous FTP user (ftp) is the best choice.
Finally, the variable \*(lqpopbblist\*(rq indicates the name of a file which
contains a list of hosts (one to a line, official host names only) which
should be allowed to use the POP facility to access BBoards via the guest
account.
(If the file is not present, then no check is made.)
.pp
The \*(lqpopbbuser\*(rq variable should be set on both the client and service
host.
The \*(lqpopbbhost\*(rq variable need be set only on the client host
(the value, of course, is the name of the service host).
The \*(lqpopbblist\*(rq variable need be set only on the service host.
.pp
Finally,
on the client host,
if a POP service host is not explicitly given by the user
(i.e., \*(lqpopbbhost\*(rq is implicitly used),
then \fIbbc\fR will explicitly check the local host prior to contacting
the service host.
This allows each POP client host to have a few local BBoards
(e.g., each host could have one called \*(lqsystem\*(rq),
and then have the POP service host used for all the rest
(a site\-wide BBoard might be known as \*(lqgeneral\*(rq).
.uh "BBoards with the NNTP"
.pp
If you configured \fIMH\fP with \*(lqbboards: nntp\*(rq and \*(lqpop: on\*(rq,
then 
the \fIMH\fR user is allowed to read the Network News on a
server machine using the standard \fIbbc\fR command.
For completely transparent behavior,
the administrator may set the \*(lqnntphost\*(rq variable in the
\fBmtstailor\fR file to indicate the host where the Network News is kept.
The \*(lqnntphost\*(rq variable should be set only on the client host
Finally,
on the client host,
if an NNTP service host is not explicitly given by the user
(i.e., \*(lqnntphost\*(rq is implicitly used),
then \fIbbc\fR will explicitly check the local host prior to contacting
the service host.
This allows each NNTP client host to have a few local BBoards
(e.g., each host could have one called \*(lqsystem\*(rq),
and then have the NNTP service host used for to read the Network News.
.pp
Reading BBoards via the POP and via the NNTP are mutually exclusive.
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.+c "POP"
.pp
For POP (Post Office Protocol) client hosts,
you need to edit the \fB@(MHETCPATH)/mtstailor\fR file to know about two
hosts:
the SMTP service host and the POP service host.
Normally, these are the same.