ftp.1c

<B>Digital的Unix操作系统VAX 4.2源码</B>

.\" SCCSID: @(#)ftp.1c	8.1	9/11/90
.TH ftp 1c
.SH Name
ftp \- file transfer program
.SH Syntax
.B ftp
[\fB\-d\fR] [[\fB\-g\fR] \fB\-i\fR] [\fB\-n\fR] [\fB\-v\fR] [\|\fIhost\fR\|]
.SH Description
.NXR "ftp program"
.NXR "file" "transferring"
.NXR "file transfer program" "ftp program"
.NXR "Internet File Transfer Protocol interface" "ftp program"
.NXAM "ftpd server" "ftp program"
The
.PN ftp
command
is the user interface to the ARPANET standard File Transfer Protocol.
The program allows you to transfer files to and from a
remote network site.
.PP
If you specify the client host on the command line,
.PN ftp
immediately attempts to establish a connection to an FTP
server on that host; otherwise, 
.PN ftp
enters its command interpreter and awaits instructions.
While
.PN ftp
is awaiting commands, it displays the 
prompt 
.PN ftp> .
.SH Options
.NXR "ftp program" "options"
.IP \fB\-d\fR 10
Enables debugging.
.IP \fB\-g\fR 10
Disables file name expansion.
.IP \fB\-i\fR 10
Disables interactive prompting during
multiple file transfers.
.IP \fB\-n\fR 10
Disables autologin during an initial connection.  
If auto-login is enabled, 
.PN ftp
will check the \f(CW.netrc\fR
file in the user's home directory for an entry describing
an account on the remote machine.  If no entry exists,
.PN ftp
will use the login name on the local machine as the user
identity on the remote machine, prompt for a password
and, optionally, an account with which to log in.
.IP \fB\-v\fR 10
Displays all responses from the remote server as well as all
data transfer statistics.
.SH Commands
The commands
listed in this section are recognized by
.PN ftp .
.PP
Command arguments that have embedded spaces may be quoted with
quotation marks (") to retain the spaces.
.NXR "ftp program" "command list"
.TP 10
\fB?\fP [ \fIcommand\fP ]
A synonym for 
.BR help .
.TP
.B \&!
Invokes a shell on the local machine.
.TP
\fB\&$\fP \fImacro-name\fP [ \fIargs\fP ]
Executes the macro \fImacro-name\fP that was defined with the
\fBmacdef\fP command.
Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.
.TP
\fBaccount\fP [ \fIpasswd\fP ]
.NXR "account command (ftp)"
Supplies a supplemental password required by a remote system for access
to resources once a login has been successfully completed.
If you do not supply a 
.PN passwd
argument, you are prompted for an account
password in a non-echoing input mode.
.TP
\fBappend\fP \fIlocal-file\fP [ \fIremote-file\fP ]
.NXR "append command (ftp)"
Appends a local file to a file on the remote machine.  If
.I remote-file
is not specified, the local file name is used in naming the
remote file.  File transfer uses the current settings for
.IR type ,
.IR format ,
.IR mode ,
and
.IR structure .
.TP
.B ascii
.NXR "ascii command (ftp)"
Sets the file transfer type
to network ASCII.  This is the default type.
.TP
.B bell
.NXR "bell command (ftp)"
Sounds a bell after each file transfer
command is completed.
.TP
.B binary
.NXR "binary command (ftp)"
Sets the file transfer
type
to support binary image transfer.
.TP
.B bye
.NXR "bye command (ftp)"
Terminates the FTP session with the remote server
and exits
.PN ftp .
.TP
.B case
.NXR "case command (ftp)"
Toggles the remote computer's file name case mapping during
.B mget
commands.
When
.B case
is on (the default is off), the remote computer's file names
are written in the local
directory with all letters in uppercase
mapped to lowercase.
.TP
.BI cd " remote-directory"
.NXR "cd command (ftp)"
Changes the working directory on the remote machine
to 
.IR remote-directory .
.TP
.B cdup
.NXR "cdup command (ftp)"
Changes the remote machine working directory to the parent of the
current remote machine working directory.
.TP
.B close
.NXR "close command (ftp)"
Terminates the FTP session with the remote server and
returns to the command interpreter.
.TP
.B cr
.NXR "cr command (ftp)"
Toggles the carriage return stripping during
.B ascii
type file retrieval.
Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence
during
.B ascii
type file transfer.
When
.B cr
is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this
sequence to conform with the UNIX single-linefeed record
delimiter.
Records on non-UNIX remote systems can contain single linefeeds;
when an 
.B ascii
type transfer is made, these linefeeds can be
distinguished from a record delimiter only when
.B cr
is off.
.TP
\fBdebug\fP [ \fIdebug-value\fP ]
.NXR "debug command (ftp)"
Toggles the debugging mode.  If an optional
.I debug-value
is specified, it is used to set the debugging level.
When debugging is on,
.PN ftp
prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded
by the string 
.PN ---> .
.TP
.BI delete " remote-file"
.NXR "delete command (ftp)"
Deletes the file
.I remote-file
on the remote machine.
.TP
\fBdir\fP [ \fIremote-directory\fP ] [ \fIlocal-file\fP ]
.NXR "dir command (ftp)"
Prints a listing of the contents of the
directory
.IR remote-directory ,
and optionally places the output in
.IR local-file .
If you do not specify a directory, 
.PN ftp
uses the current working
directory.  If you do not specify a local
file, 
.PN ftp
displays the listing on the terminal.
.TP
.B disconnect
.NXR "disconnect command (ftp)"
A synonym for
.BR close .
.TP
.BI form " format"
.NXR "form command (ftp)"
Sets the file transfer form to 
.IR format .
The default format is 
.IR file .
.TP
\fBget\fP \fIremote-file\fP [ \fIlocal-file\fP ]
.NXR "get command (ftp)"
Copies the 
.I remote-file
to the local machine.  If you do not specify a local
file name, 
.PN ftp
uses the same
name it has on the remote machine.
The current settings for 
.IR type ,
.IR form ,
.IR mode ,
and
.I structure
are used while transferring the file.
.TP
.B glob
.NXR "glob command (ftp)"
Toggles file name expansion for 
.BR mdelete ,
.BR mget ,
and
.BR mput .
If globbing (file name substitution) is turned off with
.BR glob ,
the file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded.
Globbing for 
.B mput
is done as in
.MS csh 1 .
For 
.B mdelete
and
.BR mget ,
each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine
and the lists are not merged.  Expansion of a directory name is likely to
be different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file.  The exact
result depends on the remote operating system and 
.PN ftp
server, and can be
previewed by entering:  
.BR mls\0\fIremote-files .
Neither
.B mget
nor
.B mput
is meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files.  That can
be done by transferring a
.MS tar 1
archive of the subtree (in binary mode).
.TP
\fBhash\f
.NXR "hash command (ftp)"
Toggles the number-sign (#) printing for each data block
transferred.  The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.
.TP
\fBlcd\fP [ \fIdirectory\fP ]
.NXR "lcd command (ftp)"
Changes the working directory on the local machine.  If
you do not specify a local directory 
.IR directory ,
.PN ftp 
uses your home directory.
.TP
\fBls\fP [ \fIremote-directory\fP ] [ \fIlocal-file\fP ]
.NXR "ls command (ftp)"
Prints an abbreviated listing of the contents of the
remote directory.  If
.I remote-directory
is left unspecified, 
.PN ftp 
uses your current working directory.
If you do not specify a local file, the listing
is displayed on the terminal.
.TP
\fBmacdef\fP \fImacro-name\fP
.NXR "macdef command (ftp)"
Defines a macro.
Subsequent lines are stored as the macro
\fImacro-name\fP; a null line (consecutive newline characters
in a file or
carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode.
There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all
defined macros.
Macros remain defined until a
.B close
command is executed.
.RS 10
.sp .5
The macro processor interprets dollar signs ($) and
backslashes (\e) as special characters.
A dollar sign ($) followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the
corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line.
A dollar sign ($) followed by an i signals the macro processor that the
executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass, $i is
replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line.
On the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on.
A backslash (\e) followed by any character is replaced
by that character.  Use the backslash (\e) to prevent
special treatment of the dollar sign ($).
.RE
.TP 10
\fBmdelete\fP \fIremote-files\fP
.NXR "mdelete command (ftp)"
Deletes the specified files on the remote machine.  If globbing
(file name substitution) 
is enabled, the wildcard specification of remote files is first 
expanded with
.BR ls .
.TP
\fBmdir\fP \fIremote-files\fP \fIlocal-file\fP
.NXR "mdir command (ftp)"
Obtains a directory listing of multiple files on the remote
machine and places the result in
.IR local-file .
.TP
\fBmget\fP \fIremote-files\fP
.NXR "mget command (ftp)"
Retrieves the specified files from the remote machine and
places them in the current local directory.  If globbing
is enabled, the specification of remote files is first 
expanding with
.PN ls .
.TP
\fBmkdir\fP \fIdirectory-name\fP
.NXR "mkdir command (ftp)"
Makes a directory on the remote machine.
.TP
\fBmls\fP \fIremote-files\fP \fIlocal-file\fP
.NXR "mls command (ftp)"
Obtains an abbreviated listing of multiple files on the remote
machine and places the result in
.IR local-file .
.TP
\fBmode\fP [ \fImode-name\fP ]
.NXR "mode command (ftp)"
Sets the file transfer mode to
.IR mode-name .
The default mode is the stream mode.
.TP
\fBmput\fP \fIlocal-files\fP
.NXR "mput command (ftp)"
Transfers multiple local files from the current local directory
to the current working directory on the remote machine.
.TP
\fBnmap\fP [ \fIinpattern\fP \fIoutpattern\fP ]
.NXR "nmap command (ftp)"
Sets or disables the file name mapping mechanism.
If no arguments are specified, the file name mapping mechanism is disabled.
If arguments are specified, remote file names are mapped during
.B mput
commands and
.B put
commands that are issued without a specified remote
target file name.
If arguments are specified, local file names are mapped during
.B mget
commands and
.B get
commands that are issued without a specified local target file
name.
.RS 10
.sp .5
This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer
with different file naming conventions or practices.
The mapping follows the pattern set by
.I inpattern
and
.IR outpattern .
.PP
The
.I inpattern
is a template for incoming file names (which may have already been
processed according to the
.B ntrans
and
.B case
settings).
Specify variable templates by including the
sequences $1, $2, ..., $9 in
.IR inpattern .
Use a backslash (\e) to prevent this special treatment of
the dollar sign ($) character.
All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the
.B nmap
.I inpattern
variable values.
For example, given
.I inpattern
$1.$2 and the remote file name 
.PN mydata.data ,
$1 has the value
.PN mydata ,
and $2 has the value
.PN data .
.PP
The
.I outpattern
determines the resulting mapped file name.
The sequences $1, $2, ...., $9 are replaced by any value
resulting from the
.I inpattern
template.
The sequence $0 is replace by the original file name.
Additionally, the sequence [\fIseq1\fP,\fIseq2\fP] is replaced by
.I seq1
if
.I seq1
is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by
.IR seq2 .
For example, the command 
.PN nmap\0$1.$2.$3\0[$1,$2].[$2,file]
yields
the output file name 
.PN myfile.data
for input file names 
.PN myfile.data
and
.PN myfile.data.old ,
.PN myfile.file
for the input file name
.PN myfile ,
and
.PN myfile.myfile
for the input file name \f(CW.myfile\fR.
Spaces can be included in
.IR outpattern ,
as in the example: 
.PN nmap\0$1\0|sed\0"s/\0\0*$//"\0>\0$1 .
Use the backslash (\e) to prevent special treatment
of the dollar sign ($), left bracket ([), right bracket (]),
and comma (,).
.RE
.TP 10
\fBntrans\fP [ \fIinchars\fP [ \fIoutchars\fP ] ]
.NXR "ntrans command (ftp)"
Sets or disables the file name character translation mechanism.
If no arguments are specified, the file name character
translation mechanism is disabled.
If arguments are specified, characters in
remote file names are translated during
.B mput
commands and
.B put
commands that are issued without a specified remote target file
name.
If arguments are specified, characters in
local file names are translated during
.B mget
commands and
.B get
commands that are issued without a specified local target file
name.
.RS 10
.sp .5
This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer
with different file naming conventions or practices.
Characters in a file name matching a character in
.I inchars
are replaced with the corresponding character in