sort5.1

来自「<B>Digital的Unix操作系统VAX 4.2源码</B>」· 1 代码 · 共 334 行

.TH sort5 1
.SH Name
sort5 \- internationalized System 5 sort and/or merge files
.SH Syntax
.NXR "sort5 command"
.B sort5
.RB [ \-cmu ]
.RB [ \-o output]
.RB [ \-y kmem]
.RB [ \-z recsz]
.RB [ \-X]
.RB [ \-dfiMnr ]
.RB [ \-bt x]
.RB [ + pos1
.RB [ \- pos2]]
[\fIfiles\fR]
.SH Description
The
.PN sort5
command sorts lines of the named files together
and writes the result on
the standard output.  The standard input is read if a hyphen
(\fB-\fR) is used as a file name
or if no input files are named.
.PP
Comparisons are based on one or more sort keys extracted
from each line of input.
By default, there is one sort key, the entire input line,
and ordering is 
determined by the collating sequence specified by the LC_COLLATE
locale. The LC_COLLATE locale is controlled by the settings of
either the LANG or LC_COLLATE environment variables. See
.PN setlocale(3int)
for more information.
.SH Options
The following options alter the default behavior:
.TP 5
.B \-c
Checks that the input file is sorted according to the ordering rules;
gives no output unless the file is out of order.
.TP
.B \-m
Merges only; the input files are already sorted.
.TP
.B \-u
Suppresses all but one in each
set of lines having equal keys.
.TP
.BI \-o output
Specifies the name of an output file
to use instead of the standard output.
The file may be the same as one of the inputs.
Blanks between 
.B \-o
and
.IR output
are optional.
.TP
.BI \-y kmem
Specifies the number of kilobytes of memory 
to use when sorting a file.
If this option is omitted,
.I sort5
begins using a system default memory size,
and continues to use more space as needed.
If
.IR kmem 
is specified,
.I sort5
starts using that number of kilobytes of memory.
If the administrative minimum or maximum is violated,
the value of the corresponding minimum or maximum is used.
Thus,
.BR \-y 0
is guaranteed to start with minimum memory.
By convention,
.B \-y
(with no argument) starts with maximum memory.
.TP
.BI \-z recsz
Records the size of the longest line read 
in the sort phase so buffers can be allocated
during the merge phase.
If the sort phase is omitted using either the
.B \-c
or
.B \-m
options, a system default size is used.
Lines longer than the buffer size cause
.PN sort5
to terminate abnormally.
Supplying the actual number of bytes (or some larger value)
in the longest line
to be merged
prevents abnormal termination.
.TP
.B \-X
Sorts using tags. Upon input each key is converted to a tag
value which is sorted efficiently. This option
makes international sorting faster but it consumes more memory
since both key and tag must be stored.
.PP
The following options override the default ordering rules:
.TP 5
.B \-d
Specifies Dictionary order.  Only letters, digits and blanks
(spaces and tabs) are significant in comparisons.
.TP
.B \-f
Folds lower case
letters into upper case.
.TP
.B \-i
Ignores characters outside the ASCII range 040-0176
in non-numeric comparisons.
.TP
.B \-n
Sorts an initial numeric string,
consisting of optional blanks, optional minus sign,
and zero or more digits with optional decimal point,
by arithmetic value.
The
.B \-n
option implies the
.B \-b
option, which tells the 
.PN sort5
command to ignore leading blanks when determining the
starting and ending positions of a restricted sort key.
.TP
.B \-r
Reverses the sense of comparisons.
.PP
When ordering options appear before restricted
sort key specifications, the requested ordering rules are
applied globally to all sort keys.
When attached to a specific sort key (described below),
the specified ordering options override all global ordering options
for that key.
.PP
The notation
.BI + pos1
.BI \- pos2
restricts a sort key to one beginning at
.I pos1
and ending at
.IR pos2 .
The characters at positions
.I pos1
and
.I pos2
are included in the sort key (provided that
.I pos2
does not precede
.IR pos1 ).
A missing
.BI \- pos2
means the end of the line.
.PP
Specifying
.I pos1
and
.I pos2
involves the notion of a field, that is
a minimal sequence of characters followed
by a field separator or a new-line.
By default, the first blank of a sequence of
blanks acts as the field separator.  The blank can be
either a space or a tab.
All blanks in a sequence of blanks are interpreted as a
part of the next field; for example,
all blanks at the beginning of a line are considered to be part of
the first field.
The treatment of field separators is altered using the following
options:
.TP 5
.BI \-t x
Uses
.I x
as the field separator character.
Although it may be included in a sort key,
.I x
is not considered part of a field.
Each occurrence of
.I x
is significant
(for example,
.I xx
delimits an empty field).
.TP
.B \-b
Ignores leading blanks when determining the starting and ending
positions of a restricted sort key.
If the
.B \-b
option is specified before the first
.BI + pos1
argument, it is applied to all
.BI + pos1
arguments.
Otherwise, the
.B b
flag may be attached independently to each
.BI + pos1
or
.BI \- pos2
argument.
.PP
.I Pos1
and
.I pos2
each have the form
.IB m . n
optionally followed by one or more of the flags
.BR bdfinr .
A starting position specified by
.BI + m . n
is interpreted to mean the
.IR n +1st
character in the
.IR m  +1st
field.
A missing
.BI . n
means
.BR . 0,
indicating the first character of the
.IR m +1st
field.
If the
.B b
flag is in effect
.I n
is counted from the first non-blank in the
.IR m +1st
field;
.BI + m . \fR0 b
refers to the first non-blank character in the
.IR m +1st
field.
.PP
A last position specified by
.BI \- m . n
is interpreted to mean the
.IR n th
character (including separators) after the last character of the
.I m th
field.
A missing
.BI . n
means
.BR . 0,
indicating the last character of the
.IR m th
field.
If the
.B b
flag is in effect
.I n
is counted from the last leading blank in the
.IR m +1st
field;
.BI \- m . \fR1 b
refers to the first non-blank in the
.IR m +1st
field.
.PP
When there are multiple sort keys, later keys
are compared only after all earlier keys
are found to be equal.
Lines that otherwise compare equal are ordered
with all bytes significant.
.PP
.SH Examples
Sort the contents of
.I infile
with the second field as the sort key:
.IP
sort5 +1 \-2 infile
.PP
Sort, in reverse order, the contents of
.I infile1
and
.IR infile2 ,
placing the output in
.I outfile
and using the first character of the second field 
as the sort key:
.IP
sort5 \-r \-o outfile +1.0 \-1.2 infile1 infile2
.PP
Sort, in reverse order, the contents of
.I infile1
and
.I infile2
using the first non-blank character of the second field 
as the sort key:
.IP
sort5 \-r +1.0b \-1.1b infile1 infile2
.PP
Print the password file
sorted by the numeric user ID
(the third colon-separated field):
.IP
sort5 \-t: +2n \-3 /etc/passwd
.PP
Print the lines of the already sorted file
.IR infile ,
suppressing all but the first occurrence of lines
having the same third field
(the options
.B \-um
with just one input file make the choice of a unique
representative from a set of equal lines predictable):
.IP
sort5 \-um +2 \-3 infile
.SH Diagnostics
Comments and exits with non-zero status for various trouble
conditions
(for example, when input lines are too long),
and for disorder discovered under the
.B \-c
option.
.PP
When the last line of an input file is missing a
.B new-line
character,
.I sort5
appends one, prints a warning message, and continues.
.SH Files
/usr/tmp/stm???
.SH See Also
comm(1), join(1), uniq(1), setlocale(3int), strcoll(3int)