mail.1

来自「<B>Digital的Unix操作系统VAX 4.2源码</B>」· 1 代码 · 共 894 行 · 第 1/2 页

in your home directory when you quit. This is the default
action for messages if you did
.I not
set the
.I hold
option. 
.TP
\fBnext\fR (\fBn\fR, \fB+\fR or CR)
.NXR "next command (mail)"
 Goes to the next message in
sequence and types it.
With an argument list, it types the next matching message.
.TP
\fBpreserve\fR (\fBpre\fR)
.NXR "preserve command (mail)"
Takes a message list and marks each message in it to be
saved in the user's system mailbox instead of in
.I mbox .
Synonymous with the
.PN hold 
command.
.TP
\fBprint\fR (\fBp\fR)
.NXR "print command (mail)"
Takes a message list and types out each message on the user's terminal,
without printing any specified ignored fields.
.TP
\fBPrint\fR (\fBP\fR)
.NXR "print command (mail)"
.NXA "print command (mail)" "print command (mail)"
.NXA "print command (mail)" "ignore command (mail)"
Prints a message in its entirety, including specified ignored fields.
.TP
\fBquit\fR (\fBq\fR)
.NXR "quit command (mail)"
Terminates the session.  All undeleted, unsaved messages 
are saved in the
user's
.I mbox
file in his login directory; all messages marked with
.PN hold
or
.PN preserve
or that were never referenced are saved
in his system mailbox; and all other messages are removed from his system
mailbox.  If new mail arrives during the session, the user
receives the message:
You have new mail.  If given while editing a
mailbox file with the
.PN \-f
flag, then the edit file is rewritten.  A return to the Shell is
effected, unless the rewrite of the edit file fails, in which case the user
can escape with the
.PN exit
command.
.TP
\fBreply\fR (\fBr\fR)
.NXR "reply command (mail)"
Takes a message list and sends mail to the sender and all
recipients of the specified message.
The default message must not be deleted.
.TP
\fBReply\fR (\fBR\fR)
.NXR "reply command (mail)"
Replies to originator of the message. Does not reply to other
recipients of the original message.
.TP
.B respond
.NXR "respond command (mail)"
Takes a message list and sends mail to the sender and all
recipients of the specified message.  Synonymous with
.PN reply .
.TP
\fBsave\fR (\fBs\fR)
.NXR "save command (mail)"
.NXA "preserve command (mail)" "hold command (mail)"
.NXA "respond command (mail)" "reply command (mail)"
Takes a message list and a file name and appends each message 
to the end of the file. 
The messages are saved in the order in which they appear in the
mail directory, not in the order given in the message list.
The filename, which is enclosed in quotes, followed by the line
count and character count, is displayed on the user's terminal.  
.TP
\fBset\fR (\fBse\fR)
.NXR "set command (mail)"
Prints all variable values when no arguments
are given.  Otherwise, the
.PN set 
command sets the specified
option.  Arguments either take the form
.EX
option=value
.EE
or
.EX
option
.EE
.TP
\fBshell\fR (\fBsh\fR)
.NXR "shell command (mail)"
Invokes an interactive version of the shell.
.TP
.B size
.NXR "size command (mail)"
Takes a message list and prints out the size (in characters) of each
message.
The size of the messages are printed in the order that they
appear in the mail directory, not in the order given in the list.
.TP
\fBsource\fR (\fBso\fR)
.NXR "source command (mail)"
Reads
.PN mail
commands from a file.
.TP
.B top
.NXR "top command (mail)"
Takes a message list and prints the top few lines of each.  The number of
lines printed is controlled by the variable
.PN toplines
and defaults to five.
.TP
\fBtype\fR (\fBt\fR)
.NXR "type command (mail)" 
Takes a message list and types out each message on the
user's terminal, without printing any specified ignored fields.
Synonymous with
.PN print .
.TP
\fBtype\fR (\fBT\fR)
.NXR "type command (mail)"
Prints a message in its entirety, including
specified ignored fields.  Synonymous with
.PN print .
.TP
.B unalias
.NXR "unalias command (mail)"
Takes a list of names defined by
.PN alias
commands and cancels the list of users.  The group names
no longer have any significance.
.TP
\fBundelete\fR (\fBu\fR)
.NXR "undelete command (mail)"
Takes a message list and marks each one as
.I not
being deleted.
.TP
.B unset
.NXR "unset command (mail)"
Takes a list of option names and discards their remembered values;
the inverse of
.PN set .
.TP
\fBvisual\fR (\fBv\fR)
.NXR "visual command (mail)"
Takes a message list and invokes the display editor on each message.
.TP
\fBwrite\fR (\fBw\fR)
.NXR "write command (mail)"
Takes a message list and a file name and appends each
message to the end of the file.  Synonymous with
.PN save .
.TP
\fBxit\fR (\fBx\fR)
.NXR "xit command (mail)"
Returns to the Shell without modifying the user's
system mailbox,
.I mbox ,
or edit file in 
.PN \-f .
Synonymous with
.PN exit .
.TP
.B z
.NXR "z command (mail)"
Presents message headers in windowfulls as described under the
.PN headers
command.  You can move forward to the next window with the
.B z
command. Also, you can move to the previous window by using
.BR z\- .
.NXA "alias command (mail)" "unalias command (mail)"
.NXA "delete command (mail)" "undelete command (mail)"
.NXA "set command (mail)" "unset command (mail)"
.NXA "write command (mail)" "save command (mail)"
.NXA "xit command (mail)" "exit command (mail)"
.PP
The following is a summary of the tilde escape functions that
you can use when composing mail messages.  Note that you can only
invoke these
functions from within the body of a mail message and that
the sequences are only executed if they are placed at the
beginning of lines.
.NXR "mail program" "tilde escapes"
.TP 12n
.BR ~! command
Executes the indicated shell command, then returns to the message.
.TP
\fB~?  		
Prints a brief summary of tilde commands.
.TP
\fB~:
Executes the mail commands. (For example, the command 
.PN ~:10 
prints out message number 10 while
.PN ~:-
prints out the previous message. 		
.TP
\fB~c\fR name ...
Adds the given names to the list of carbon copy recipients.
.TP
.B ~d
Reads the file named dead.letter from your home directory into the message.
.TP
.B ~e
Invokes the text editor on the message you are typing.  After the
editing session is finished, you may continue appending text to the
message.
.TP
\fB~f\fR messages
Reads the named messages into the message being sent.
If no messages are specified, reads in the current message.
.TP
.B ~h
Edits the message header fields by typing each one in turn and allowing
the user to append text to the end or to modify the field by using the
current terminal erase and kill characters.
.TP
\fB~m\fR messages
Reads the named messages into the message being sent, shifted one tab 
space to the right.  If no messages are specified, reads the current message.
.TP
.B ~p
Prints the message on your terminal, prefaced by the message header
fields.
.TP
.B ~q
Aborts the message being sent, copying the message to
dead.letter
in your home directory if the
.B save
option is set.
.TP
\fB~r\fR filename
Reads the named file into the message.
.TP
\fB~s\fR string
Causes the named string to become the current subject field.
.TP
\fB~t\fR name ...
Adds the given names to the direct recipient list.
.TP
.B ~v
Invokes an alternate editor (defined by the VISUAL option) on the
message.  Usually, the alternate editor is a
screen editor.  After you quit the editor, you can resume appending
text to the end of your message.
.TP
\fB~w\fR filename
Writes the message onto the named file.
.TP
\fB~\||\|\fRcommand
Pipes the message through the command as a filter.  If the command gives
no output or terminates abnormally, retains the original text of the
message.  The command
fmt(1)
is often used as
.I command
to rejustify the message.
.TP
.BR ~~ string
Inserts the string of text in the message prefaced by a single 
tilde (~).  If
you have changed the escape character, then you should double
that character in order to send it.
.PP
Options are controlled via the
.PN set
and
.PN unset
commands.  Options may be either binary or string.  If
they are binary you should 
see whether or not they are set; if they are string
it is the actual value that is of interest.
.PP
The binary options include the following:
.NXR "set command (mail)" "options"
.TP 15n
.B append
Causes messages saved in
.I mbox
to be appended rather than prepended.
(This is set in
/usr/lib/Mail.rc
on version 7 systems.)
.TP
.B ask
Causes
.I mail
to prompt you for the subject of each message you send.  If
you simply respond with a new line, no subject field is sent.
.TP
.B askcc
Asks you at the end of each message whether you want to send a
carbon copy of the
message to additional recipients.  Responding with a new
line indicates your
satisfaction with the current list.
.TP
.B autoprint
Causes the
.PN delete
command to behave like
.PN dp
\- thus, after deleting a message, the next one is typed
automatically.
.TP
.B debug
Causes
.PN mail
to output information useful for debugging
.PN mail .
Setting the binary option
.I debug
is the same as specifying
.PN \-d
on the command line.
.TP
.B dot
Causes
.PN mail
to interpret a period alone on a line as the terminator
of a message you are sending.
.TP
.B hold
Holds messages in the system mailbox
by default.
.TP
.B ignore
Causes interrupt signals from your terminal to be ignored and echoed as
at signs (@).
.TP
.B ignoreeof
Causes
.PN mail
to refuse to accept a control-d as the end of a message.
.TP
.B msgprompt
Prompts you for the message text and
indicates how to terminate the message.
.TP
.B metoo
Includes the sender in the distribution group receiving
a mail message.
.TP
.B nosave
Prevents 
.PN mail
from copying aborted messages into the dead.letter file
in your home directory.
.TP
.B quiet
Suppresses the printing of the version when first invoked.
.TP
.B verbose
Displays the details of each message's delivery
on the user's terminal.  Setting the
.PN verbose
option is the same as typing
.B \-v
on the command line.
.PP
The string options include the following:
.TP 15n
EDITOR
Pathname of the text editor to use in the
.PN edit
command and ~e escape.  If not defined, then a default editor is used.
.TP
SHELL
Pathname of the shell to use in the
.B !
command and the ~! escape.  A default shell is used if this option is
not defined.
.TP
VISUAL
Pathname of the text editor to use in the
.PN visual
command and ~v escape.
.TP
.B crt
Threshold to determine how long a message must
be before
.PN more
is used to read it.
.TP
.B escape
The first character of this option gives the character to
use in the place of tilde (~) to denote escapes, if defined.
.TP
.B folder
Directory name to use for storing folders of
messages. If this name begins with a backslash (/)
.PN mail
considers it an absolute pathname; otherwise, the
folder directory is found relative to your home directory.
.TP
.B record
Pathname of the file used to record all outgoing
mail.  If it is not defined, then outgoing mail is not so saved.
.TP
.B toplines
The number of lines of a message that is printed out
with the
.B top
command; normally, the first five lines are printed.
.SH Return Values
If mail is invoked with the \fB\-e\fR option, the following exit values are
returned: 
.nf
0	the user has mail
1	the user has no mail
.fi
.SH Files
.if n .ta 2.5i
.if t .ta 1.8i
/usr/spool/mail/* 	mail directory	
.br
~/mbox	your read mail
.br
~/.mailrc	file giving initial mail commands
.br
/tmp/R#	temporary for editor escape
.br
/usr/lib/Mail.help*	help files
.br
/usr/lib/Mail.rc	system initialization file
.br
Message*	temporary for editing messages
.SH See Also
binmail(1), fmt(1), newaliases(1), aliases(5),
mailaddr(7), sendmail(8)
.NXR "mail program"
.NXR "mail" "sending"