mail.1

来自「<B>Digital的Unix操作系统VAX 4.2源码</B>」· 1 代码 · 共 894 行 · 第 1/2 页

.TH mail 1
.SH Name
mail \- send or read mail
.SH Syntax
.B mail
[\fB\-v\fR] [\fB\-i\fR] [\fB\-n\fR] [\fB\-e\fR] [\fB\-s\fI subject\fR\|] [\|\fIuser...\fR]
.br
.B mail
[\fB\-v\fR] [\fB\-i\fR] [\fB\-n\fR] \fB\-f\fR [\|\fIname\fR\|]
.br
.B mail
[\fB\-v\fR] [\fB\-i\fR] [\fB\-n\fR] \fB\-u\fI user\fR
.br
.B mail nodename::username (If DECnet is installed.)
.SH Description 
.NXR "mail program"
.NXR "mail" "sending"
.NXA "mail program" "write command"
.NXA "mail program" "talk program"
The
.PN mail
utility is an intelligent mail processing system 
which has
a command syntax similar to
.PN ed .
However, in 
.PN mail
lines are replaced by messages.
.PP
If DECnet is installed on your system, you can also send and receive
mail from other DECnet users.  See 
.MS mailaddr 7
for information on DECnet addressing.
.PP
.I "Sending mail.\ "
To send a message to one or more persons, 
type
.PN mail
and the names of the people
receiving your mail.  Press the RETURN
key.  
Note that if you use other arguments, the names of the recipients should
always be the last element on the command line.
For example,
.EX
mail \-v \-s "mail message" \fIusers\fP
.EE
If you do not specify a subject on the command line,
you are prompted for a subject.
After entering a subject, and pressing the 
RETURN key, type your message.
To send the message, type a period (\&.) or
CTRL D
at the beginning of a new line.
.PP
You can use tilde (\~) escape sequences to perform
special functions when composing mail messages.  See
the list of options for more on tilde escape sequences.
.PP
.I "Reading mail.\ "
.NXR "mail" "reading"
In normal usage
.PN mail
is given no arguments and checks your mail out of the
mail directory. Then it
prints out a one line header of each message there.
The current message is initially the first message and is 
numbered 1.  It
can be displayed using the
.PN print
. (p)
command.
.PP
The 
.PN \-e
option causes mail not to be printed.  Instead,
an exit value
is returned.  For the exit status, see RETURN VALUES.
.NXR "mail" "printing"
.NXR "print command (mail)"
You can move among the messages by
typing a plus sign (+) followed by a number to move forward
that many messages, or a minus sign (\-) followed by a number to
move backward that many messages.
.PP
.I "Disposing of mail.\ "
.NXR "mail" "deleting"
.NXR "mail" "undeleting"
After reading a message you can
delete (d)
it or reply (r)
to it.
Deleted messages can be undeleted,
however, in one of two ways:  you can use the undelete (u) command
and the number
of the message, or you can end the mail session with
the exit (x) command.
Note that if you end a session with the quit (q)
command, you cannot retrieve 
deleted messages.
.PP
.I "Specifying messages.\ "
.NXR "mail" "specifying messages"
Commands such as
.PN print
and
.PN delete
can be given a list of message numbers as arguments.
Thus, the command
.EX
delete 1 2 
.EE
deletes messages 1 and 2, while 
the command
.EX
delete 1\-5
.EE
deletes messages 1 through 5.
The asterisk (*) addresses all messages, and the 
dollar sign ($) addresses
the last message.  For example, the
.PN top
command, which prints the first few lines of a
message, can be used in the following manner
to print the first few lines of all messages:
.EX
top *
.EE
.PP
.I "Replying to or originating mail.\ "
.NXR "mail" "replying to"
Use the
.PN reply
command to
respond to a message.
.PP
.I "Ending a mail processing session.\ "
.NXR "mail" "ending a session"
End a
.PN mail
session with the
.PN quit
(q) command.
Unless they were deleted, messages that
you have read go to your
.I mbox
file.
Unread messages go back to the mail directory. 
The \-f option causes
.PN mail
to read in the contents of your
.I mbox
(or the specified file)
for processing.  When you
.PN quit ,
the mail utility
writes undeleted messages back to this file.
The \-u flag is a short way of specifying:
.PN mail 
.PN \-f
.PN /usr/spool/mail/user .
.PP
.I "Personal and systemwide distribution lists.\ "
.NXR "mail" "creating a distribution list"
You can create a personal distribution list that
directs mail to a group of people.
Such lists can be defined by placing a line 
similar to the following in the \&.mailrc file in 
your home directory:
.EX
alias cohorts bill ozalp jkf mark kridle@ucbcory
.EE
.PP
Cohorts is the name of the distribution list that
consists of the following users:
bill, ozalp, jkf, mark, and kridle@ucbcory.
A list of current aliases can be displayed with the
.PN alias
.PN (a)
command in
.PN mail .
.PP
System wide distribution lists can be created by editing
.PN /usr/lib/aliases .
The syntax of system wide lists differs
from that of personally defined aliases.
.PP
Personal aliases are expanded in mail you send.
When a recipient on a personally
defined mailing list uses the
.PN reply
.PN (r)
option, the entire mailing list receives the response
automatically.
System wide \fIaliases\fR are not expanded when the mail is sent,
but any reply returned to the machine will have the system-wide
alias expanded as all mail goes through
.PN sendmail .
.PP
Forwarding is also a form of aliasing.
A 
.PN \&.forward 
file can be set up in a user's home directory.
Mail for that user is then redirected to the list of addresses in
the 
.PN \&.forward 
file.
See
.MS aliases 5
and 
.MS sendmail 8 
for more information.
.PP
.I "Network mail (ARPA, UUCP, Berknet, DECnet)\ "
See 
.MS mailaddr 7
for a description of network addresses.
.SH Options
.NXR "mail program" "flags"
.TP
\fB\-e\fR
Causes
.PN mail
not to be printed.  Instead, an exit value
is returned.  
.TP
\fB\-f\fR
Causes 
.PN mail
to read in the contents of your
.I mbox
file (or another file you specify) for processing.
.TP
\fB\-i\fR
Causes tty interrupt signals to be ignored. This is
useful when using
.PN mail
on noisy phone lines.
.TP
\fB\-n\fR
Inhibits the reading of /usr/lib/Mail.rc.
.TP
\fB\-s\fR
Specifies a subject on the command line.
Note that only the first argument after the
\-s flag is used as a subject and that you must enclose subjects
containing spaces in quotes.
.TP
\fB\-u\fR
Specifies a short hand for expressing the following:
.EX
mail \-f /usr/spool/mail/user 
.EE
.TP
\fB\-v\fR
Prints the mail message.  The details of
delivery are displayed on the user's terminal.
.PP
The
following options can be set in the .mailrc
file to alter the behavior of the
.PN mail
command.
.NXR "mail program" "command list"
.PP
Each command is typed on a line by itself and may take arguments
following the command word and the command abbreviation. 
For commands that take message lists as arguments, if no message
list is given, then the next message forward which satisfies the
command's requirements is used.  If there are no messages forward of
the current message, the search proceeds backwards.  If there are no
good messages at all,
.PN mail
cancels the command,
displaying the message: No applicable messages.
.TP 12n
.B \-
Prints out the previous message. If given a numeric
argument
.IR n,
prints
.IR n \-th
previous message. 
.TP
.B ?
Prints a brief summary of commands.
.TP
.B !
Executes the \s-2ULTRIX\s0 shell command which follows.
.TP
\fBalias\fR (\fBa\fR)
.NXR "alias command (mail)"
Prints out all currently-defined aliases, if given
without arguments.  With one
argument, prints out that alias.  With more than one argument, creates
a new or changes an old alias.
These aliases are in effect for the current mail session only.
.TP
\fBalternates\fR (\fBalt\fR)
.NXR "alternates command (mail)"
Informs
.PN mail
that you have several valid addresses.
The
.PN alternates
command is useful if you have accounts on more than one machine.
When you
.PN reply
to messages,
.PN mail
does not send a copy of the message to any of the addresses
listed on the
.I alternates
list.  If the
.PN alternates
command is given with no argument, the current set of alternate
names is displayed.
.TP
\fBchdir\fR (\fBch\fR)
.NXR "chdir command (mail)"
Changes the user's working directory to that specified.
If no directory is given, then the
.PN chdir
command changes to the user's login directory.
.TP
\fBcopy\fR (\fBco\fR)
.NXR "copy command (mail)"
Takes a message list and file name and appends each message
to the end of the file.  The
.PN copy
command functions in the same way as the
.PN save 
command, except that it does not mark the messages that you
copy for deletion when you quit.
.TP
\fBdelete\fR (\fBd\fR)
.NXR "delete command (mail)"
Takes a list of messages as argument and marks them all as deleted.
Deleted messages are not saved in
.IR mbox ,
nor are they available for most other commands.  
.TP
\fBdp\fR (or \fBdt\fR)
.NXR "dp command (mail)"
Deletes the current message and prints the next message.
If there is no next message, 
.PN mail
returns a message:  at EOF.
.TP
\fBedit\fR (\fBe\fR)
.NXR "edit command (mail)"
Takes a list of messages and points the text editor at each one in
turn.  On return from the editor, the message is read back in.
.TP
\fBexit\fR (\fBex\fR or \fBx\fR)
.NXR "exit command (mail)"
Returns to the Shell without
modifying the user's system mailbox,
.I mbox
file, or edit file in
.PN \-f .
.TP
\fBfile\fR (\fBfi\fR)
.NXR "file command (mail)"
Switches to a new mail file or folder.  If no
arguments are given, it tells you which file you are currently reading.
If you give it an argument, it writes out changes (such
as deletions) you have made in the current file and reads in
the new file. Some special conventions are recognized for
the name. A pound sign (#) indicates the previous file, 
a percent sign (%) indicates your systemb
mailbox, %user indicates the user's system mailbox, an
ampersand (&) indicates
your \~/mbox file, and +folder indicates a file in your folder
directory.
.TP
.B folders
.NXR "folders command (mail)"
List the names of the folders in your folder directory.
.TP
\fBfolder\fR (\fBfo\fR)
.NXR "folder command (mail)"
Switches to a new mail file or folder. The 
.PN folder
command functions in the same way as the 
.PN file 
command.
.TP
\fBfrom\fR (\fBf\fR)
.NXR "from command (mail)"
.NXA "type command (mail)" "print command (mail)"
.NXA "copy command (mail)" "save command (mail)"
.NXA "file command (mail)" "folder command (mail)"
Takes a list of messages and prints their message headers
in the order that they appear in the mail directory, not in the
order given in the list.
.TP
\fBheaders\fR (\fBh\fR)
.NXR "headers command (mail)"
Lists the current range of headers, which is a 20 message group.  If
a plus sign (+) is given as an argument, then the next
message group is printed.  If
a minus sign (\-) is given as an argument, the previous
message group is printed.
.TP
.B help
.NXR "help command (mail)"
Prints a brief summary of commands.  Synonymous with ?.
.TP
\fBhold\fR (\fBho\fR, also \fBpreserve\fR)
.NXR "hold command (mail)"
Takes a message list and marks each
message in it to be saved in the
user's system mailbox instead of in
.IR mbox.
The 
.PN hold
command does not override the
.B delete
command.
.TP
.B ignore
.NXR "ignore command (mail)"
Adds the list of header fields named to the
.IR "ignored list" .
Header fields in the ignore list are not printed
on your terminal when you print a message. This
command is frequently used to suppress certain machine-generated
header fields. The
.PN type
and
.PN print
commands are used to print a message in its entirety, including
ignored fields. If
.PN ignore
is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of
ignored fields.
.TP
\fBmail\fR (\fBm\fR)
.NXR "mail command (mail)"
Takes login names and distribution group names
as arguments and sends
mail to those people.
.TP
\fBmbox\fR
Indicates that a list of messages should be sent to 
.I mbox