cc.1

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.TH cc 1 RISC
.SH Name
cc \- RISC C compiler
.SH Syntax
.B cc
[ 
.I option 
] ... 
.I file 
...
.SH Description
The 
.PN cc
command invokes the RISC 
.I ucode
C compiler.  It produces RISC object code in RISC extended 
.I coff
format (the default), binary or symbolic
.IR ucode ,
.I ucode
object files
and binary or symbolic assembly language.  
.PP
The 
.PN cc
command accepts the following arguments:
.IP \(bu 5
Arguments ending in .c are interpreted as C source programs.  They
are compiled, and the resulting object file has the same name
as the source program except .o is substituted for .c.  If a
single C source program is compiled and loaded at once, the .o file 
is deleted.
.IP \(bu 5
Arguments ending in .s are interpreted as assembly source programs.
When they are assembled, they produce a .o file. 
.IP \(bu 5
Arguments ending in .i are interpreted as C source after being
processed by the C preprocessor.  They are compiled without
being processed by the C preprocessor.
.PP
If the highest level of optimization is specified (with the
.B \-O3
flag) or only \fIucode\fP object files are to be produced (with the
.B \-j
flag) each C source file is compiled into a
.I ucode
object file. The
.I ucode
object file is left in a file whose name consists of the last component
of the source with .u substituted for .c.
.PP
The following suffixes aid compiler development, but are not
generally used: .B, .O., .S, and .M.  These arguments are interpreted
as binary
.IR ucode ,
produced by the front end, optimizer, ucode object file splitter, and ucode
merger respectively.  Arguments whose names end with .U are assumed to be
symbolic
.IR ucode .
Arguments whose names end with .G are assumed to be binary assembly
language, which is produced by the code generator and the symbolic to binary
assembler.
.PP
Files that are assumed to be binary
.IR ucode ,
symbolic
.IR ucode ,
or binary assembly language by the suffix conventions are also assumed to
have their corresponding symbol table in a file with a .T suffix.
.PP
The 
.PN cc
command always defines the C preprocessor macro
.B LANGUAGE_C
when a .c file is being compiled.
The
.PN cc
command defines the C preprocessor macro
.B LANGUAGE_ASSEMBLY
when a .s file is compiled.
.SH Options
The following options are interpreted by
.MS cc 1 .
See
.MS ld 1
for load-time options.
.TP 15
.B \-c
Suppress the loading phase of the compilation and force
an object file to be produced even if only one program is compiled.
.TP 15
.B \-g0
Do not produce symbol table information for symbolic
debugging.  This is the default.
.TP 15
.B \-g1
Produce debugger symbol table information. This option limits
optimization, but some optimizations that affect debugger accuracy might
be performed. The debugger symbol table is built before optimizations
and cannot reflect the optimizations.
.TP 15
.BR \-g " or " \-g2
Produce debugger symbol table information and inhibit optimizations
that limit full symbolic debugging. The debugger symbol table is
accurate.
.TP 15
.B \-g3
Produce debugger symbol table. This option does not limit optimizations,
so the symbol table may be inaccurate. The symbol table is built before
optimizations and cannot reflect the optimizations.
.TP 15
.B \-L
Change the algorithm of searching for
.BI lib x \&.a
or
.BI lib x \&.b
to
.B never
look in the default directories.  This is useful when the default
directories
for libraries should not be searched and only the directories specified
by the 
.MS ld 1 
option
.BI \-L dir
are to be searched.
.TP 15
.B \-w
Suppress warning messages.
.TP 15
.B \-p0
Do not permit profiling.  This is the default.
If loading happens, the standard runtime startup routine 
.RB ( crt0.o )
is used and the profiling libraries are not searched.
.TP 15
.BR \-p1 " or " \-p
Set up for profiling by periodically sampling the value of the program
counter.  This option only affects the loading.
When loading happens, this option replaces the standard runtime startup routine
with the profiling runtime startup routine
.RB ( mcrt0.o )
and searches the level 1 profiling library
.RB ( libprof1.a ).
When profiling happens, the startup routine calls
.MS monstartup 3
and produces a file
.I mon.out
that contains execution-profiling data for use with the postprocessor
.MS prof 1 .
.TP 15
.B \-O0
Turn off all optimizations.
.TP 15
.B \-O1
Turn on all optimizations that complete fast.  This is the default.
.TP 15
.BR \-O " or " \-O2
Invoke the global
.I ucode
optimizer.
.TP 15
.B \-O3
Perform all optimizations, including global register allocation.  This 
option must precede all source file arguments.  With this option, a
.I ucode
object file is created for each C source file and left in a .u file.
The newly created ucode object files, the ucode object files specified on
the command line, the runtime startup routine, and all the runtime libraries
are ucode linked.  Optimization is performed on the resulting ucode 
linked file and then it is linked as normal producing an a.out file.  
A resulting .o file is not left from the ucode linked result.
In fact
.B \-c
cannot be specified with
.BR \-O3 .
.TP 15
.BI \-feedback " file"
Use 
with the
.B \-cord
option to specify the feedback file.  This
.I file
is produced by
.MS prof 1
with its
.B \-feedback
option from an execution of the program produced by
.MS pixie 1 . 
.TP 15
.B \-cord
Run the procedure-rearranger
on the resulting file after linking.  The rearrangement is performed
to reduce the cache conflicts of the program's text.  The output
is left in the file specified by the
.BI \-o " output"
option or a.out by default.  At least one
.B \-feedback
.I file
must be specified.
.TP 15
.B \-j
Compile the specified source programs, and leave the
.I ucode
object file output in corresponding files with the .u suffix.
.TP 15
.BI \-ko " output"
Name the output file created by the ucode loader as
.I output.
This file is not removed.
If this file is compiled, the object file is left in
a file whose name consists of
.I output
with the suffix changed to an .o.  If
.I output
has no suffix, an .o suffix is appended to
.I output.
.TP 15
.B \-k
Pass options that start with a
.B \-k
to the ucode loader.  This option is used to specify ucode libraries
(with
.BI \-kl x
) and other ucode loader options.
.TP 15
.B \-S
Compile the specified source programs and leave the symbolic
assembly language output in corresponding files suffixed with .s.
.TP 15
.B \-P
Run only the C macro preprocessor and put the result for each source file
using suffix convention (for example, .c and .s)
in a corresponding .i file.
The .i file does not have number lines (#) in it.
This sets the 
.B \-cpp
option.
.TP 15
.B \-E
Run only the C macro preprocessor
on the files (regardless of any suffix or not), and send the result to the
standard output.
This sets the 
.B \-cpp
option.
.TP 15
.B \-Em
Runs only the macro preprocessor on the named C programs and
produces the makefile dependencies.
.TP 15
.BI \-o " output"
Name the final output file
.IR output .
If this option is used, the file a.out is unaffected.
.TP 15
.BI \-D name=def
.br
.ns
.TP 15
.BI \-D \*Sname
Define the
.I name
to the C macro preprocessor,
as if by
`#define'.
If a definition is not given, the name is defined as 1.
.TP 15
.BI \-U \*Sname
Remove any initial definition of
.IR name .
.TP 15
.BI \-I \*Sdir
Search for #include files
whose names do not begin with a slash (/) in the following order: (1) in
the directory of the 
.I dir
argument, (2) in the directories specified by 
.B \-I
options, (3) in the standard directory
.RB ( /usr/include ).
.TP 15
.B \-I
Do not search for #include in the standard directory
.RB ( /usr/include ).
.TP 15
.B \-M
Specifies the floating point type to be used for double-precision
floating point and is passed on to
.MS ld 1
as the map option.
.TP 15
.B \-W1,M
Same a \-M, except it is POSIX compliant.
.TP 15
.BI \-G " num"
Specify the maximum size, in bytes, of a data item that is to be accessed from
the global pointer.  The
.I num
argument is interpreted as a decimal number.  If
.I num
is zero, data is not accessed from the global pointer.  The default
value for
.I num
is 8 bytes.
.TP 15
.B \-v
Print the passes as they execute with their arguments and their input and output
files.
Also prints resource usage in the C shell
.I time
format.
.TP 15
.B \-V
Print the version of the driver and the versions of all passes.  This is done
with the
.MS what 1
command.
.TP 15
.B \-std
Produce warnings for things that are not standard in the
language.
.TP 15
.BI \-Y environment
Compiles C programs for \fIenvironment\fP.  If \fIenvironment\fP is
SYSTEM_FIVE or is omitted, it defines SYSTEM_FIVE for the preprocessor,
.PN cpp .
If the loader is invoked, it specifies that the System V version of the
C runtime library is used.  Also, if the math library is specified
with the \fB\-lm\fR option, the System V version is used.  If 
\fIenvironment\fP is POSIX, it defines POSIX for the preprocessor.  If
the environment variable PROG_ENV has the value SYSTEM_FIVE or POSIX,
the effect is the same as when specifying the corresponding 
\fB\-Y\fIenvironment\fR option to
.PN cc .
The \fB\-Y\fP option overrides the PROG_ENV variable; \fB\-YBSD\fP can be used to
override all special actions.
.TP 15
.B \-cpp
Run the C macro preprocessor on C and assembly source files before compiling.
This is the default for
.MS cc l .
.TP 15
.B \-nocpp
Do not run the C macro preprocessor on C and assembly source files before
compiling.
.TP 15
.BI \-Olimit " num"
Specify the maximum size, in basic blocks, of a routine that 
will be optimized
by the global optimizer.  If a routine has more than 
the specified number 
of basic blocks, it cannot be optimized and a message is printed.  A
.B \-O, \-O2,
or
.B \-O3
must be used to specify the global optimizer.  The argument must 
also be specified. The argument
.I num
is interpreted as a decimal number.  The default value for
.I num
is 500 basic blocks.
.TP 15
.B \-signed
Causes all
.I char
declarations to be
.I "signed char"
declarations. This is the default.
.TP 15
.B \-unsigned
Causes all
.I char
declarations to be
.I "unsigned char"
declarations.