createdb.sgml

关系型数据库 Postgresql 6.5.2

<refentry id="APP-CREATEDB">
 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle>
   <application>createdb</application>
  </refentrytitle>
  <refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>
 <refnamediv>
  <refname>
   <application>createdb</application>
  </refname>
  <refpurpose>
   Create a new <productname>Postgres</productname> database
  </refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>
 <refsynopsisdiv>
  <refsynopsisdivinfo>
   <date>1998-10-02</date>
  </refsynopsisdivinfo>
  <synopsis>
createdb [ <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable> ]
createdb [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ] [ -p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable> ]
      [ -D <replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable> ] [ -u ] [ <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable> ]
  </synopsis>

  <refsect2 id="R2-APP-CREATEDB-1">
   <refsect2info>
    <date>1998-10-02</date>
   </refsect2info>
   <title>
    Inputs
   </title>
   <para>

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term>-h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Specifies the hostname of the machine on which the 
	<application>postmaster</application>
	is running.  Defaults to using a local Unix domain socket
	rather than an IP connection.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     <varlistentry>
      <term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Specifies the Internet TCP/IP port or local Unix domain socket file 
	extension on which the <application>postmaster</application>
	is listening for connections.  The port number defaults to 5432,
	or the value of the <envar>PGPORT</envar>
	environment variable (if set).
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-u</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Use password authentication. 
	Prompts for
	<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable>
	and <replaceable class="parameter">password</replaceable>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-D <replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Specifies the alternate database location for this database installation.
	This is the location of the installation system tables, not the location
	of this specific database, which may be different.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Specifies the name of the database to be created.  The name must be
	unique among all <productname>Postgres</productname> databases in this installation.
	<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>
	defaults to the value of the
	<envar>USER</envar>
	environment variable.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
   </para>
  </refsect2>

  <refsect2 id="R2-APP-CREATEDB-2">
   <refsect2info>
    <date>1998-10-02</date>
   </refsect2info>
   <title>
    Outputs
   </title>
   <para>
    <application>createdb</application> will create files in the
    <filename><envar>PGDATA</envar>/<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>/</filename>
    data area for the new database.

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>
Connection to database 'template1' failed.
connectDB() failed: Is the postmaster running and accepting connections at 'UNIX Socket' on port '<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable>'?
createdb: database creation failed on <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>.
       </computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	<application>createdb</application> could not attach to the 
	<application>postmaster</application> 
	process on the specified host and port.  If you see this message,
	ensure that the <application>postmaster</application> 
	is running on the proper host and that you have specified the proper
	port.  If your site uses an authentication system, ensure that you
	have obtained the required authentication credentials.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>
Connection to database 'template1' failed.
FATAL 1:  SetUserId: user '<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable>' is not in 'pg_shadow'
createdb: database creation failed on <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>.
      </computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	You do not have a valid entry in the relation <literal>pg_shadow</literal>
	and and will not be allowed to access <productname>Postgres</productname>. 
	Contact your <productname>Postgres</productname> administrator.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>
ERROR:  user '<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable>' is not allowed to create/destroy databases
createdb: database creation failed on <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>.
       </computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	You do not have permission to create new databases.
	Contact your <productname>Postgres</productname> site administrator.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>
ERROR:  createdb: database '<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>' already exists.
createdb: database creation failed on <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>.
       </computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	The database already exists.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>
createdb: database creation failed on <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>.
       </computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	An internal error occurred in <application>psql</application>
	or in the backend server.  Ensure that your site administrator has
	properly installed <productname>Postgres</productname>and initialized the site with 
	<application>initdb</application>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
   </para>
   <note>
    <para>
     <application>createdb</application> internally runs
     <command>CREATE DATABASE</command> from <application>psql</application>
     while connected to the <literal>template1</literal> database.
    </para>
   </note>
  </refsect2>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1 id="R1-APP-CREATEDB-1">
  <refsect1info>
   <date>1998-10-02</date>
  </refsect1info>
  <title>
   Description
  </title>
  <para>
   <application>createdb</application> creates a new 
   <productname>Postgres</productname> database.
   The person who executes this command becomes
   the database administrator, or <acronym>DBA</acronym>,
   for this database and is the only
   person, other than the <productname>Postgres</productname> super-user,
   who can destroy it.
  </para>
  <para>
   <application>createdb</application> is a shell script that invokes
   <application>psql</application>.
   Hence, a <application>postmaster</application>
   process must be running on the database server host before
   <application>createdb</application>
   is executed. The 
   <envar>PGOPTION</envar>
   and
   <envar>PGREALM</envar>
   environment variables will be passed on to
   <application>psql</application>
   and processed as described in <xref endterm="psql-ref"
    linkend="app-psql">.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 id="R1-APP-CREATEDB-2">
  <refsect1info>
   <date>1998-10-02</date>
  </refsect1info>
  <title>
   Usage
  </title>
  <para>
   To create the database <literal>demo</literal>
   using the postmaster on the local host, port 5432:

   <programlisting>
$ createdb demo
   </programlisting>
  </para>

  <para>
   To create the database <literal>demo</literal>
   using the postmaster on host eden, port 5000:

   <programlisting>
$ createdb -p 5000 -h eden demo
   </programlisting>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>

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