vi.doc

一个DOS下模拟Unix下的vi的程序

	specified, it will convert all DOS '\r\n' end-of-lines to this
	convention when reading a file, in addition to recognizing a single
	'\n' as an end of line.  When writing files, by default Calvin will
	write end-of-lines in the DOS manner.  A consequence of this is that
	Calvin can read a file with Unix<tm> end-of-lines and interpret it
	correctly without you even noticing.  You can even use Calvin to
	convert from Unix<tm> format to DOS format by doing `vi file' and
	immediately `:wq'.


	You can also convert back to Unix<tm> format by doing:

		vi file
		:set binary
		:wq

	This is a little less convenient, but you probably won't have occasion
	to use this feature often.


HELPFUL HINTS
	In addition to ending insert and last line modes, the Escape key can be
	used to delete a partially complete command.  It also momentarily
	enlarges the cursor.  This makes it easier to see--it is easy to lose
	the cursor after a locate operation.

	To insert an escape code into the file, use control-[ or Alt-27, or
	precede it with ^V in insert mode.

	One feature that Calvin currently lacks is the ability to change all
	occurrences of a given string to another string.  This can be done with
	alternate uses of the "n" and "." commands (and a little patience).


MEMORY USAGE
	By default, Calvin will use all available memory in the lower 640K to
	store the file being edited and yanked text, etc.  You can also get
	Calvin to use disk space as well, by means of the `:set directory'
	option described below.  In either case, however, it is always a
	possibility that you will run out of memory.  In that case, you will
	receive the message `Out of memory--save what you have, immediately.'
	It is strongly suggested that you do so, as the editor will be in an
	unstable state; continuing to use it after such a message would likely
	result in loss of data.

THE NAME
	As noted already, Calvin has formerly been called "Free VI."  Since the
	appearance of Stevie and Elvis, I decided that a more unique name was
	necessary.  Hence the name "Calvin", which has the requisite two-letter
	substring, as well as the string "Cal", indicating that it came from
	"Cal" (University of California), Berkeley.  (And also, it's seven
	years old :-> ).


------------------------------------------------------------

The above is a tutorial introduction to some of the most common Calvin
commands.  A list of all Calvin commands appears in the command summary, below.

				COMMAND SUMMARY
				------- -------


Colon commands:

    :edit name			edit new file
    :edit +<n> name		edit new file, starting at line <n>
    :edit +/pattern name	edit new file, starting at the first occurrence
				of the given string.
    :edit! [+colon_command] name
				discard corrections and edit new file
    :edit[!] [+colon_command] #	edit the file last edited.

    :file			print file name, status, and length.
    :file name			change the name of the file being edited to
				`name'.
    :next			edit the next file in the command line
    :quit			quit the editor
    :quit			abort (quit without saving corrections)
    :read file			read the given file and insert it after the
				current line
    :<n>read file		read the given file and insert it after line
				<n>.
    :r				synonym for :read
    :r !command			read in the output of the given DOS command
    :rewind			return to editing the first file given on the
				vi command line (cf. :next)
    :set option=value		set the given option to the given value
				the `=' may be replaced by a space (useful in
				EXINIT).
    :set option			set the given boolean option to TRUE
    :set nooption		set the given boolena option to FALSE
    :set option?		print the current value of the option
    :set all			print the values of all options
    :set			print the values of all options which are not
				equal to their defaults
    :shell			escape to DOS (return via EXIT)
    :version			print Calvin's version number.  Currently the
				message printed is:  "Calvin version 2.1.  (C)
				Copyright 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992 by Paul
				Vojta.  For copying conditions, please see the
				documentation file."
    :wq [file]			synonym for :write followed by :quit
    :write			write the current file to disk, using the name
				it was edited using
    :write file			write the current file to disk, using the name
				given
    :write !command		pipe the current file into the given DOS
				command; note the spacing.
    :<n>,<m>write [file]	write lines <n> through <m> to disk
    :w				synonym for :write
    :x				synonym for :wq (if the current file has been
				changed), or :quit (if not)
    :<n>=			print the value of <n>
    :<n>			move to line <n>
    :!command			execute the given DOS command
    :!!				execute the last DOS command

Command names (and :set options, below) may be abbreviated by shortening them,
provided they still refer to a unique command.  They may be combined on one
line by separating them by `|'.

Addresses (written as <n> or <m> in the above list) may be given by one of the
following:

	<line number>
	/pattern/
	?pattern?
	'a, ..., 'z
	.	(refers to the current line number)
	$	(refers to the end of the file)


You may also use the following synonyms in visual mode:

	ZZ	:x
	^6	:e #
	^G	:f


Options for the :set command:

	autowrite (synonym aw) (default false)
		If the file has been modified, then automatically write it to
		disk for any :edit, :quit, :rewind, or :next commands.

	binary	(default false)
		Read and write files in binary mode (that is, without end-of-
		line conversions).  See the section END-OF-LINE CONVERSIONS.

	cpmeof	(default false)
		Under early versions of DOS, text files were supposed to end in
		^Z (Control-Z).  This option causes Calvin to write a ^Z at the
		ends of files that it creates.

	directory (default none)
		Directory to use for storing temporary files.  This option may
		only be changed once.

	dosesc	(default false)
		Causes the Escape key to act as a line delete character instead
		of as the character which ends insert mode.  (You can always
		leave insert mode by using the End key.)  The usual line delete
		character is ^U (Control-U).

	eolateof (default true)
		Indicates that the file being edit ends with an end-of-line
		character.  Usually this is the case.  This flag is
		automatically set or cleared when editing a file, and is
		automatically cleared when doing a line change command at the
		end of a file.

	ignorecase (synonym ic) (default false)
		Causes Calvin to ignore the case of letters when searching for
		strings.

	marginbell (synonym mb) (default 0, none)
		Causes Calvin to beep when you reach the indicated column in
		insert mode.

	printable (default 126)
		Gives the highest character value to be printed as is, instead
		of being translated into, e.g., \127.

	showmode (default false)
		Causes Calvin to show its mode (e.g., INSERT MODE) in the lower
		right-hand corner of the screen.

	tabstop (default 8)
		Indicates the number of characters per tab stop.

	thoroughshell (default False)
		Instructs calvin to use the COMSPEC variable to load the
		command interpreter when running every DOS command, not just
		the internal ones.  This is useful if you use a different
		command interpreter, such as 4dos, which has a different set of
		internal commands or other features which you wish to use.

	vidcompat (default 0)
		Indicates the compatibility lever for video operations.
		Setting it to a higher value may cause some screen-related
		problems to go away if you have slightly non-standard hardware.
		With vidcompat=1, Calvin does not use the alternate screen
		feature of CGA adapters, and with vidcompat=2, it does not save
		and restore the screen after editing.
	

Character motions:

    h or Backspace or Leftarrow  back <n> character(s)
    Space or l or Rightarrow   forward <n> characters
    j or ^J or ^N or Downarrow   down <n> lines, same column
    k or ^P or Uparrow     up <n> lines, same column
    $		down <n-1> lines, end of line
    0		beginning of line
    ^		first non-white character in line
    w		next <n> words
    b		back <n> words
    e		end of <n>th word from here
    W, B, E	same as w, b, e, with blank-delimited words
    |		move to column <n>
    %		match (), [], or {}.
    `x		character of mx command (x=any lower case letter)
    ``		start of last /?nNGHML%' or ` motion

    /string	search
    ?string	backwards search
    /<cr> or ?<cr> forward or backwards search, same pattern
    /string/+3	the third line past the next occurrence of the given string
    n		repeat last search
    N		repeat last search, opposite direction

    fx		find next <n>th occurrence of x
    Fx		find previous <n>th x
    tx		next <n>th x (not inclusive)
    Tx		previous <n>th x (not inclusive)
    ;		repeat last f, F, t, or T
    ,		reverse of ,


Line motions:

    + or <cr>	<n>th next line (first nonwhite)
    -		<n>th previous line
		current line or <n-1>st next line
    H or Home	top of screen (or <n>th line on screen)
    M		middle of screen
    L or End	last line of screen (or <n>th line from bottom)
    nG		go to <n>th line (end default)
    'x		line of mx command (x=any lower case letter)
    ''		start of last /?nNGHML%' or ` motion


Operators:

    d<motion>, dd, D	delete
    c<motion>, cc, C	change
    y<motion>, yy, Y	yank
		(Note that in this implementation 'Y' is equivalent to
		'y$' instead of 'yy').
    !<motion>, !!	filter through a DOS command


Insert Mode:

    i or Insert	insert before current character
    a		insert after current character
    I		insert before first nonblank character in line
    A		append to end of line
    o		open after current line
    O		open before current line


Other modification commands:

    x or Delete	delete character; same as "d "
    X		delete previous character; same as "dh"
    s		delete character and enter insert mode; same as "c "
    S		delete line and enter insert mode; same as "cc"
    r		replace <n> characters by the given one
    J		join two lines
    p		put yanked text
    P		put yanked text before current line or character
    u		undo previous command
    .		repeat previous command


Screen commands:

    ^L		redraw screen
    ^F or PgDn	forward <n> screens
    ^B or PgUp	back <n> screens
    ^U, ^D	up (or down) 1/2 screen (<n> changes the number of lines
		counted as 1/2 screen)
    ^Y, ^E	up (or down) <n> lines
    z<cr> or zh	redraw with current line (or <n>th line) on top
    z. or zm	redraw with current line (or <n>th line) in middle
    z- or zl	redraw with current line (or <n>th line) at bottom
    z+		redraw with current bottom line (or <n>th line) at top


Miscellaneous:

    mx		mark here as mark `x' (Cf. 'x and `x above.)
		(x = any lower case letter)