install

使用efax的fax工具程序

INSTALLATION (Qfax 1.3):

Installing the Qfax utilities is not exactly a trivial process.  It
involves numerous steps which should be followed carefully, so don't
expect to get this up and running properly in much less than half an
hour.  I suggest printing out this file and going through the process
with the printout in hand, to ensure that nothing gets left out or
mistyped.

NOTE: This version of Qfax includes the patched sources for efax 0.7a.
i.e. NO PATCHING OF EFAX IS NECESSARY.  If you want to find the virgin
0.7a sources for efax, they can be found at available from
sunsite.unc.edu and its mirrors as /pub/Linux/apps/comm/fax/efax07a.tar.gz.


<<< 1. Create a fax user >>>

Efax has to be able to read and write UUCP-style lock files.  With
traditional efax this is not a problem because it's typically run by
root, but in a multi-user environment where efax is used as a server
it needs to have a designated userid with appropriate permissions.
Making it setuid root would work, but gives it far more permission
than it really needs, presenting a possible security hole.  A better
solution is to make it setuid uucp.

To do this, first make certain you have a uucp UID in your /etc/passwd
file.  You should have a line something like:

	uucp:*:5:7:Fax/UUCP Agent:/usr/lib/uucp:/bin/false

In this example, the uucp user has a UID of 5 and a GID of 7, but
these numbers may well be different on your machine.

Now edit your /etc/passwd file and add a line AFTER the uucp entry,
defining a fax user to have the same UID as uucp, and GID uucp:

	fax:*:5:7:Fax Agent:/usr/spool/fax:/bin/false

Note that this last step is just cosmetic; as far as Linux is
concerned users fax and uucp are synonymous.  The advantage to doing
this is readability in scripts and such.


<<<  2. Create a mail alias for FaxMaster  >>>

Since you're now thinking of using efax as a server, efax has to send
its messages to a designated "FaxMaster", in the same way that mail
programs direct messages to a "postmaster".  To do this, edit your
mail aliases file, wherever it happens to be.  Some likely places you
might find it are "/usr/local/lib/smail/aliases", "/usr/lib/aliases",
or "/etc/aliases".  Depending on your setup it may be in a different
place.

Simply append a line such as:

	FaxMaster: root

to have all mail to the FaxMaster directed to root, or 

	FaxMaster: some-user-name

to have it sent to "some-user-name".

When you're done, run newaliases (or mkaliases) to have your mailer
reconstruct the mail alias database.


<<<  3. Create an e-mail-to-fax gateway  >>>

Your mailer now has to be told how to read addresses of the form
"[e-mail]" and redirect these letters to Qfax instead of
trying to mail them.  The exact procedure varies depending on whether
you use sendmail or smail as your mailer.  [ These redirections are
based on the mailfax shell scripts by Rick Lyons. ]

IMPORTANT NOTE: This version of Qfax doesn't understand multi-part
MIME mail (i.e. mail with attachments).  This is because the way
multi-part headers are written confuses Qfax.  If you use a
MIME-capable mailer (e.g. pine, Eudora, etc.), be sure not to include
any attachments if you intend to use the mail-to-fax gateway.

****** If you use sendmail (8.6.x):

The first thing you'll have to do is make a couple of minor changes to
your /etc/sendmail.cf file.

As you're doubtless aware if you've poked around in a sendmail.cf
file, there are two things you have to add to create an e-mail-to-fax
gateway: an address-rewriting rule that catches all addresses of the
form [e-mail], and a mailer definition that sends this mail to
Qfax.  Depending on your setup (i.e. whether you use a nameserver or
not) you may also need to prevent Sendmail from trying to resolve
*.fax addresses via DNS.  Lastly, if you're using Qfax v1.x, you may
need to make a change to the way Sendmail writes its headers.  I'll
outline the necessary additions one at a time, below. 


*** Step 1 : The Address Rewriting Rule ***

You should place the following lines immediately after the "$#error"
definitions in Ruleset 0:

# forward fax messages to Qfax software
R$+ < @ $+ . fax >	$#fax $@ $2 $: $1	[e-mail]

Note that there are two tabs in this line--one between '>' and
"$#fax", the other between "$1" and "user".  You cannot simply use
spaces here, since Sendmail is looking for tabs as field delimiters.

Here's the relevant portion of my sendmail.cf file for context:

######################################
###   Ruleset 0 -- Parse Address   ###
######################################

S0

R<@>			$#local $: <>			special case error msgs
R$* : $* ;		$#error $@ USAGE $: "list:; syntax illegal for recipient addresses"
R<@ $+>			$#error $@ USAGE $: "user address required"
R<$* : $* >		$#error $@ USAGE $: "colon illegal in host name part"


# forward fax messages to Qfax software
R$+ < @ $+ . fax >	$#fax $@ $2 $: $1	[e-mail]

# handle numeric address spec
R$* < @ [ $+ ] > $*	$: $>98 $1 < @ [ $2 ] > $3	numeric internet spec
R$* < @ [ $+ ] > $*	$#smtp $@ [$2] $: $1 < @ [$2] > $3	still numeric: send


*** Step 2: The Mailer definition ***

The mailer definition for Qfax resembles the definition for programs
(Mprog), and simply outputs the mail to Qfax.  Add the following line
at the end of your "Local and Program Mailer" definitions:

Mfax,		P=/usr/local/bin/qfax, F=lsDFheu, S=14, R=24, M=100000,
		A=qfax $u

Of course, if you've installed qfax somewhere other than
/usr/local/bin, be sure to set the appropriate (full) path instead.
Once again, for context, here's the appropriate section of my
sendmail.cf file:

##################################################
###   Local and Program Mailer specification   ###
##################################################

#####  @(#)local.m4	8.6 (Berkeley) 10/24/93  #####

Mlocal,		P=/usr/bin/procmail, F=lsDFMShP, S=10, R=20/40,
		A=procmail -d $u
Mprog,		P=/bin/sh, F=lsDFMeu, S=10, R=20/40, D=$z:/,
		A=sh -c $u
Mfax,		P=/usr/local/bin/qfax, F=lsDFheu, S=14, R=24, M=100000,
		A=qfax $u


*** Step 3: Bypassing Name Service ***

Obviously the top-level domain ".fax" doesn't exist, so if you allow
Sendmail to try to resolve these addresses with a name server you'll
find that it hangs indefinitely in the mail queue.  If this happens to
you, the solution is to find the line in your sendmail.cf file (under
Ruleset 96) which looks like this:

# pass to name server to make hostname canonical
R$* < @ $* $~P > $*		$: $1 < @ $[ $2 $3 $] > $4

Comment out this line (by putting a '#' in front of the 'R' line) and
this should bypass the name server.  This is generally harmless to do
in any case, since by this point the address is almost always
canonical anyway.


*********** If you use smail:

If you do not have a "/usr/local/lib/smail/transports" file, create
one.  Now add the following line to it:

	fax: driver=pipe, local; user=fax, cmd="/usr/local/bin/qfax"

If you do not have a "/usr/local/lib/smail/routers" file, create one.
Add the following line to it:

	fax: driver=queryprogram, transport=fax;
	     cmd="/usr/bin/expr ${lc:host} : '.*\.fax$'"

NOTE: If the "${lc:host}" expression doesn't evaluate properly with
your shell, try using "${lc:-$host}" instead, as in:

	fax: driver=queryprogram, transport=fax;
	     cmd="/usr/bin/expr ${lc:-$host} : '.*\.fax$'"

If you did not already have a routers file, you must also include the
default routing info:

	inet_addrs: driver=gethostbyaddr, transport=smtp;
		    fail_if_error, check_for_local,
	inet_hosts: driver=gethostbyname, transport=smtp;
		    -required, -domain, -only_local_domain,
	paths: driver=pathalias, transport=uux; file=paths,
		      proto=bsearch, optional, -required, domain=uucp,
	uucp_neighbors: driver=uuname, transport=uux;
			cmd=/usr/bin/uuname, domain=uucp,
	smart_host: driver=smarthost, transport=uux; -path,


<<<  4. Create a spool directory for faxes >>>

You'll need to designate a place to store incoming and outgoing faxes
in the same way that mail and news programs need a spool area.  I
recommend making a "/usr/spool/fax" directory, and within that, create
these directories (use "chown uucp.uucp <directory>" to make sure Qfax
and efax can read and write to them):

	/usr/spool/fax/recvq

This is where incoming faxes will be stored, along with their log
files, to be dealt with by the FaxMaster.  If you want all users to be
able to read incoming faxes, you should use chmod to set the
permissions on this directory to 775, otherwise set it to 770.

	/usr/spool/fax/sendq

This is where outgoing faxes will be stored while they wait to be sent
out.  Qrun will look in here for faxes to send.  Its mode should be
set to 770.

	/usr/spool/fax/docq

This is a storage directory for inactive faxes.  Qrun uses it to store
faxes which it couldn't send properly, but you can also use it
yourself to store faxes indefinitely.  This directory should be
accessible to all, i.e. mode 755.

	/usr/spool/fax/log

This is where all send logs are written.  Generally, this is private
to the FaxMaster, and should be set to mode 770.

	/usr/spool/fax/result

This is a directory used to store the result of the most recent fax
operation.  The efax program writes its result code here, which Qrun
uses to determine whether an outgoing fax succeeded or not.  It should
be set to mode 770.

Note that if you don't choose to use the directories I've specified
above, you'll have to make changes in step 7 to config.h, where these
directories are defined.