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<body bgcolor=#ffffff><title>Users and Groups</title><center><img src="images/useradmin.gif"></center><br><h2><i>This help page is incomplete</i></h2><hr><h3>Introduction</h3>This module allows you to create, edit and delete Unix users and groups.Typically, there is one Unix user account for each person who wants tologin to your system. In addition, various system programs will havetheir own accounts, such as <tt>uucp</tt> or <tt>www</tt>. Every userbelongs to one or more groups, one of which is the primary group forthe user. <p>The main <tt>Users and Groups</tt> page shows all the local users andgroups on your system. NIS and NIS+ users and groups will not be shownin the list, because they are not stored locally and cannot be edited.However, groups can contain NIS users and users can have an NIS groupas their primary group. <p>If your machine is an NIS or NIS+ server and the table sourcesare not <tt>/etc/passwd</tt> and <tt>/etc/group</tt>, you can change the<a href="../config.cgi?useradmin">module configuration</a> to edit theappropriate files. The <tt>Command to run after change</tt> parameter canbe set to something like <tt>cd /var/yp ; make</tt> to update NIS mapsafter every change to the password and group files. <p><hr><h3>Editing an Existing User</h3>To edit a user, just click on the user's name from the list on themain page. This will display a form in which you can edit the followinguser details :<p> <ul> <li><b>Username</b><br> The name that the user uses to login to the system. Each user must have a unique login name. <p> <li><b>Real name</b><br> The user's real name. This is stored in the comment field in the password file. <p> <li><b>Encrypted password</b> and <b>Plain text password</b><br> The Unix password file stores passwords in one-way encrypted form only. This means that the form cannot display the user's plain-text password, only the encrypted form. To set a new password for a user you can either enter the password into the <tt>Plain text password</tt> field, or copy and paste an encrypted string into the <tt>Encrypted password</tt> field. <p> <li><b>Password type</b><br> If you choose <tt>No password</tt> here, then no password is needed to login to the account. If you choose <tt>Locked</tt>, then no login is allowed. Only if <tt>Normal password</tt> is chosen will the passwords described above be used. <p> <li><b>Unix UID</b><br> The UID is the number that the system <b>really</b> uses for controlling access to files. Every user should have a unique UID. If you change the Unix UID, then the <tt>Change UID</tt> option at the bottom of the page determines what happens to files owned by that user. <p> <li><b>Home directory</b><br> Every user should have a home directory to store personal files. Typically, user home directories are all located under one parent directory, such as <tt>/home</tt>. <p> <li><b>Shell program</b><br> When a user logs into the system, their shell program is run to process whatever commands the user types. If a user has a shell like <tt>/bin/false</tt>, then they will not be able to login. This is useful for users who should only have FTP or email access. <p> <li><b>Primary group</b><br> A user's primary group is the group which will usually be assigned to any new files the user creates. If you change the primary group, the <tt>Change GID</tt> option at the bottom of the page controls what happens to files owned by that user and group. <p> <li><b>Other groups</b><br> This is a list of all the other groups a user belongs to. Only local groups will be shown, not NIS or NIS+ groups. <p> </ul><p>Some other user properties are only available if your system has ashadow password file and the module configuration knows about it. Theyare :<p> <ul> <li><b>foo</b><br> foo. <p> </ul><p><hr><h3>Creating a New User</h3>To create a new user, click on the <tt>Create New User</tt> link belowthe list of existing users on the main page. This will display the sameform as is used for editing a user, but with almost all the fields empty.The only field that will be automatically filled in for you is the UID,which Webmin will compute by picking a free UID at the end of a sequenceof existing UIDs. <p>When a new user is created, the user's home directory can be created aswell. To have webmin create and set the permissions on the directory youspecify, choose <tt>Create home directory</tt> at the bottom of the page.You should do this for all normal users you add. <p>The <tt>Files to copy</tt> option in the module preferences can be usedto copy various files (such as <tt>.cshrc</tt> or <tt>.profile</tt>) intothe home directory of a newly created user. You should change thisparameter to a space-separated list of files to copy. <p><hr><h3>Deleting a User</h3>To delete an existing user, click on the <tt>Delete</tt> button in theuser details form. This will take you to a page asking if you want todelete the user's home directory as well. Be very careful when choosingto do this, as some system users have the root directory as their home directory. <p>In general, you should never change the UID, username or shell of systemusers such as <tt>root</tt>, <tt>bin</tt> or <tt>nobody</tt>. Doing socould make your system unusable or unbootable. Do not try to delete anyof these users either, <b>especially</b> <tt>root</tt>. <p><hr><h3>Editing an Existing Group</h3>To edit a group, click on the group name from the list of groups on themain page. This will bring you to a form in which you can edit thefollowing group properties : <ul> <li><b>Group name</b><br> The unique name for this group. <p> <li><b>Group GID</b><br> Like this UID for a Unix user, this is a number that the system uses to identify the group. Each group should have a unique GID. <p> <li><b>Members</b><br> The list of all users in this group. This can include NIS or NIS+ users as well, if they are in use on your system. <p> <li><b>Password</b><br> Not used? <p> </ul><p><hr><h3>Creating a New Group</h3>To create a new group, click on the <tt>Create new group</tt> link beneath the list of existing groups. This links to the same form as isused for editing an existing group, but with all the fields blank exceptfor the GID. This is automatically filled by finding a free GID for thenew group. <p><hr><h3>Deleting a Group</h3>To delete an existing group, click on the <tt>Delete Group</tt> buttonon the group details page. This will immediately delete the group withoutasking. No files or directories will be deleted though. <p><hr><a href="/"><img alt="<-" align=middle border=0 src=/images/left.gif></a> <a href="">Return to module</a><p> ⌨️ 快捷键说明
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