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<title>Filesystem Manager</title><body bgcolor=#ffffff><center><img src="images/mount.gif"></center><p><h2><i>This help page is incomplete</i></h2><hr><h3>Introduction</h3>The purpose of this module is to simplify mounting of local disks, remote file shares and virtual memory. Before a Unix system can accessfiles on any hard disk, CDROM, Jaz drive, floppy disk or file server it must be <tt>mounted</tt> at some point in the filesystem. The systemkeeps a list of filesystems that it knows about, typically to mount atbootup time. Filesystems can also be mounted temporarily, to be forgottenabout when they are unmounted or the system is rebooted. <p>All Unix systems when installed will mount at least one filesystemat bootup time, and almost certainly more. There will always be onefilesystem mounted as the root directory <tt>/</tt>, and maybe othersas <tt>/usr</tt>, <tt>/proc</tt> or <tt>/net</tt>. Unless your Unixsystem is a diskless workstation, the root directory will be mountedfrom a local hard disk. Others filesystems may be mounted from fileservers, local disks or even be 'magic' filesystems like <tt>/proc</tt>that do not contain real files. <p>One special case is virtual memory. Your system should always have atleast one virtual memory swap file, which is used by the OS as anextension of physical memory. A swap file can either be a normal filein some filesystem, or a dedicated partition on a local disk. <p>This module works by reading and updating the file <tt>/etc/fstab</tt> or<tt>/etc/vfstab</tt> to manage known filesystems. Currently mountedfilesystems are found by reading the file <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> or <tt>/etc/mnttab</tt>. Webmin will totally ignore any comments in theknown filesystems table. <p><hr><h3>Listing Current Filesystems</h3>The main page of the <tt>Filesystem Manager</tt> module lists all theknown filesystems. For each filesystem, the following details will bedisplayed : <ul> <li><b>Mount point</b><br> The directory at which this filesystem is mounted, or <i>Virtual Memory</i> if this is a swap file. Only one filesystem can be mounted at one mount point. <p> <li><b>Filesystem type</b><br> The full name of this filesystem type. This depends on the type of mount (local or remote) and how the disk was formatted. Mounts from local disks have types like <tt>Linux Native Filesystem</tt>, <tt>MS-DOS Filesystem</tt> or <tt>Solaris Unix Filesystem</tt>. Remote mounts will almost always have the type <tt>Network Filesytem</tt>. <p> If you want to use the short names for filesystem types (such as <tt>ext2fs</tt> instead of <tt>Linux Native Filesystem</tt>), change the <tt>Use long filesystem types</tt> option in the <a href="../config.cgi?mount">module options</a>.<p> <li><b>Mounted from</b><br> The device file or remote system name and directory that this filesystem was mounted from. Under Unix, all local disks have a device file in the <tt>/dev/</tt> directory that is used to access that disk. Device files have pathnames like <tt>/dev/dsk/c0t1d0s3</tt> or <tt>/dev/hda1</tt>. When you edit or create a mount, Webmin will covert the device file name to a disk and partition number automatically. <p> <li><b>In use?</b><br> Yes if this filesystem is currently mounted, No if not. <p> <li><b>Permanent?</b><br> Yes if this filesystem is permanently recorded, no if it will be forgotten when unmounted. <p> </ul><p><hr><h3>Adding a New Filesystem</h3>To add a new mount, choose the filesystem type from the selectorbelow the list of existing mounts. This will display a form for enteringthe mount point, mount source and other options for the new mount. Eachfilesystem type for each Unix version has a different set of options,and many types have different possibilities for mount sources. <p>No matter what filesystem type you choose, some inputs will be the sameon the <tt>Create Mount</tt> form. The most important is the mountpoint, which is the directory at which the filesystem is to be mounted.All filesystem types except virtual memory require you to enter this.If the directory you enter does not exist, Webmin will attempt to createit for you. <p>For most types of filesystem you will have 3 options for saving the mount : <ul> <li><b>Save and mount at boot</b><br> The mount will be recorded permanently, and mounted at bootup time when the system is started. <p> <li><b>Save</b><br> The mount will be permanent, but not mounted at boot time. <p> <li><b>Don't save</b><br> The mount will only be temporary. <p> </ul><p>For most filesystem types, you can also choose whether to mount now ornot. Choosing not to mount or save a new filesystem is pointless, andwill display an error. <p>There are however some types of filesystem which will not present all theoptions listed above. Some examples are : <ul> <li><tt>Virtual Memory</tt> under Linux<br> Whenever this type is mounted it is saved, and whenever it is unmounted it is deleted. Saved VM mounts are always added at bootup time. <p> <li><tt>Windows Networking</tt> under Linux<br> This filesystem type can only be mounted using the <tt>smbmount</tt> command, so cannot be saved. <p> <li><tt>Automounter Filesystems</tt><br> Permanent Automounter filesystems are always mounted at boot time. <p> </ul><p>All filesystem types require you to choose the mount source and mountoptions. Because the source and options differ significantly betweendifferent Unix flavours and filesystem types they are describedindividually in the list below : <ul> <li><b>Redhat Linux 4.0+</b> and <b>Slackware Linux 3.0+</b><br> For most Linux filesystem types, the mount source can be one of the following : <ul> <li><b>IDE device</b><br> For this choice you must enter the IDE device letter and partition. The device letter is typically <tt>a</tt> for the 1st internal hard disk, <tt>b</tt> for the 2nd internal disk, and <tt>c</tt> for the CD-ROM. The partition number depends on which partition you want to mount. Use the <tt>fdisk</tt> command to see the available partitionson your disks. <p> <li><b>SCSI device</b><br> For this option you must enter the SCSI device letter and partition. The device letter does NOT correspond to the SCSI target number - each SCSI device is assigned a letter by Linux in the order they are found by the OS. <p> <li><b>Floppy disk</b><br> This choice only requires you to enter the floppy device number. This will be <tt>0</tt> for your primary drive or <tt>1</tt> for the secondary. <p> <li><b>Other device</b><br> If you choose this option, you can type in any device pathname that you want to mount. This is useful for mounting other RAOD devices, PCMCIA cards and other paths that Webmin doesn't know about. <p> </ul><p> Before a filesystem on a local IDE or SCSI disk partition can be mounted, the partition must have been created and a filesystem built on it. The <a href=/fdisk/>Partition Manager</a> module can be used to do this, or you can use the Linux <tt>fdisk</tt> and <tt>mkfs</tt> commands. <p> The <tt>Network Filesystem (nfs)</tt>, <tt>Windows Networking Filesystem (smbfs)</tt>, <tt>Automounter Filesystem (auto)</tt> and <tt>Virtual Memory (swap)</tt> mount types use a different form for the mount source. See the section about that filesystem type below for more details. <p> Once you have chosen the mount source, you can also set various filesystem-specific options. Some options however are common to almost all Linux filesystems. They are : <br> <table border> <tr> <td><b>Read-only</b></td> <td>If yes, then nobody can write, create, delete or change anything on this filesystem</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Allow SUID files</b></td> <td>If no, then setuid programs on this filesystem will not be run as their owner. Useful when mounting remote filesystems that you don't trust</td> </tr> </table><p> The filesystem-specific options are : <ul> <li><b>Linux Native Filesystem (ext2fs)</b><br> This is the latest filesystem type for local hard disks on Linux. <br> The following additional options are available : <table border> </table><p> <li><b>Network Filesystem (nfs)</b><br> NFS is the standard Unix way of sharing files between systems. For NFS, the mount source is not a local disk but instead a hostname and remote directory. The hostname is the name (or IP address) of the system you want to mount from. The remote directory is a directory on the remote system that is exported to your system. <br> NFS filesystems have the following additional options : <table border> <tr> <td><b>NFS version</b></td> <td>The version of NFS (1-3) to use</td> </tr> </table><p> <li><b>Virtual Memory (swap)</b><br> The mount source for virtual memory can be a local IDE disk, SCSI disk or normal file. If you enter a filename that does not exist, Webmin will ask for the size of the swap file to create and then add it as swap. Unless your Linux kernel has been configured to allow it, a swap cannot be on an NFS mounted filesystem. <br> There are no options for virtual memory mounts. <p> <li><b>Windows Networking Filesystem (smbfs)</b><br> Windows networking refers to the file sharing protocol used by Samba, Windows 95 and NT (also known as SMB or LANManager). If a Windows fileserver is sharing a directory, you can mount it under Linux and access the contents as normal files. <p> The mount source for a Windows networking filesystem is a share name like <tt>\\ntbox\somedir</tt>. The first part is the NetBIOS name of the server, and the second the name of a share on the server. Ideally a server's NetBIOS name should be the same as its TCP/IP hostname, but if not you can use the mount options to specify the correct hostname or IP address to connect to.<br> The following options are available : <table border> <tr> <td><b>Username</b></td> <td>The username to login to the fileserver with. Not needed for public shares</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Password</b></td> <td>The password used with the username. If you do not have a valid username and password on the server then the mount will fail. Not needed for public shares</td> </tr> </table><p> <li><b>MS-DOS Filesystem (fat)</b><br> Floppy or hard disks formatted under Windows 3.1 and versions of MS-DOS before 7.0 use this filesystem type. Files in this filesystem are limited to the 8.3 filename standard used by DOS. If you try to create a file with a longer name, it will be truncated to the 8.3 format.⌨️ 快捷键说明
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