This book addresses two aspects of network operation quality; namely, resource management and fault management. Network operation quality is among the functions to be fulfilled in order to offer quality of service, QoS, to the end user. It is characterized by four parameters: – packet loss; – delay; – jitter, or the variation of delay over time; – availability. Resource management employs mechanisms that enable the first three parameters to be guaranteed or optimized. Fault management aims to ensure continuity of service.
标签： Ethernet Networks MPLS and IP
上传时间： 2020-05-27
上传用户：shancjb
Quality of Service ( QoS ) has always been in a world of its own, but as the technology has been refi ned and has evolved in recent years, QOS usage has increased to the point where it is now considered a necessary part of network design and operation. As with most technologies, large - scale deployments have led to the technology becoming more mature, and QOS is no exception.
标签： QOS-Enabled Networks
上传时间： 2020-05-31
上传用户：shancjb
It was only a few years ago that “ubiquitous connectivity” was recognized as the future of wireless communication systems. In the era of ubiquitous connectivity, it was expected that the broadband mobile Internet experience would be pervasive, and seamless connectivity on a global scale would be no surprise at all. The quality of service would be guaranteed no matter when/where/what the users wanted with the connectivity. Connectivity would even be extended to object-to-object communication, where no human intervention was required. All objects would become capable of autonomous communication.
标签： Protocols Radio LTE-A LTE for and
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
Driven by the desire to boost the quality of service of wireless systems closer to that afforded by wireline systems, space-time processing for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications research has drawn remarkable interest in recent years. Excit- ing theoretical advances, complemented by rapid transition of research results to industry products and services, have created a vibrant and growing area that is already established by all counts. This offers a good opportunity to reflect on key developments in the area during the past decade and also outline emerging trends.
标签： Space-Time Processing
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
Fourth Generation (4G) wireless communication systems aim to allow peak data rates in the range of 1 Gbps for nomadic access and 100 Mbps for vehicular mobil- ity. 4G aims to support current and emergent multimedia services, such as mobile TV, social networks and gaming, high-definition television and video telecon- ference, multimedia messaging service, using the All-over IP concept and with improved quality of service.
标签： Transmission Techniques Systems for 4G
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
Having dealt with in-depth analysis of SS#7, GSM and GPRS networks I started to monitor UTRAN interfaces approximately four years ago. Monitoring interfaces means decoding the data captured on the links and analysing how the different data segments and messages are related to each other. In general I wanted to trace all messages belonging to a single call to prove if the network elements and protocol entities involved worked fine or if there had been failures or if any kind of suspicious events had influenced the normal call proceeding or the call’s quality of service. Cases showing normal network behaviour have been documented in Kreher and Ruedebusch (UMTS Signaling. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005), which provides examples for technical experts investigating call flows and network procedures.
标签： Performance Measurement Practical Guide UMTS
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
Mobile radio communications are evolving from pure telephony systems to multimedia platforms offering a variety of services ranging from simple file transfers and audio and video streaming, to interactive applications and positioning tasks. Naturally, these services have different constraints concerning data rate, delay, and reliability (quality-of-service (QoS)). Hence, future mobile radio systems have to provide a large flexibility and scal- ability to match these heterogeneous requirements.
标签： Communications Wireless Channels MIMO over
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
1. 目的 规范产品的PCB焊盘设计工艺， 规定PCB焊盘设计工艺的相关参数，使得PCB 的设计满足可生产性、可测试性、安规、EMC、EMI 等的技术规范要求,在产品设计过程中构建产品的工艺、技术、质量、成本优势。 2. 适用范围本规范适用于空调类电子产品的PCB 工艺设计，运用于但不限于PCB 的设计、PCB 批产工艺审查、单板工艺审查等活动。本规范之前的相关标准、规范的内容如与本规范的规定相抵触的，以本规范为准3.引用/参考标准或资料TS-S0902010001 <〈信息技术设备PCB 安规设计规范〉>TS—SOE0199001 <〈电子设备的强迫风冷热设计规范〉〉TS—SOE0199002 〈<电子设备的自然冷却热设计规范>>IEC60194 〈<印制板设计、制造与组装术语与定义>> （Printed Circuit Board designmanufacture and assembly-terms and definitions)IPC—A-600F 〈<印制板的验收条件>〉 （Acceptably of printed board)IEC609504。规范内容4。1焊盘的定义 通孔焊盘的外层形状通常为圆形、方形或椭圆形。具体尺寸定义详述如下，名词定义如图所示。1) 孔径尺寸:若实物管脚为圆形：孔径尺寸(直径)=实际管脚直径+0。20∽0。30mm（8。0∽12。0MIL）左右；若实物管脚为方形或矩形：孔径尺寸（直径）=实际管脚对角线的尺寸+0.10∽0。20mm（4.0∽8。0MIL）左右。2) 焊盘尺寸： 常规焊盘尺寸=孔径尺寸（直径)+0.50mm（20.0 MIL)左右.…………
标签： PCB
上传时间： 2022-05-24
上传用户：canderile
特点： 精确度0.1%满刻度 可作各式數學演算式功能如:A+B/A-B/AxB/A/B/A&B(Hi or Lo)/|A|/ 16 BIT类比输出功能 输入与输出绝缘耐压2仟伏特/1分钟(input/output/power) 宽范围交直流兩用電源設計 尺寸小,穩定性高
上传时间： 2014-12-23
上传用户：ydd3625
开关在电路中起接通信号或断开信号的作用。最常见的可控开关是继电器，当给驱动继电器的驱动电路加高电平或低电平时，继电器就吸合或释放，其触点接通或断开电路。CMOS模拟开关是一种可控开关，它不象继电器那样可以用在大电流、高电压场合，只适于处理幅度不超过其工作电压、电流较小的模拟或数字信号。 一、常用CMOS模拟开关引脚功能和工作原理 1.四双向模拟开关CD4066 CD4066 的引脚功能如图1所示。每个封装内部有4个独立的模拟开关，每个模拟开关有输入、输出、控制三个端子，其中输入端和输出端可互换。当控制端加高电平时，开关导通；当控制端加低电平时开关截止。模拟开关导通时，导通电阻为几十欧姆；模拟开关截止时，呈现很高的阻抗，可以看成为开路。模拟开关可传输数字信号和模拟信号，可传输的模拟信号的上限频率为40MHz。各开关间的串扰很小，典型值为－50dB。
上传时间： 2013-10-27
上传用户：bibirnovis
